Modern Technology Essay

When we look back to the history of human being in recent 200 years, we will be surprising what a huge change modern technology has brought us. Trains and planes enable us to travel to everywhere we want. Internet and televisions communicate news to everyone. New technologies provide us a new standard of living, and I state that they are creating a single world culture. Modern technology has shortened the distance between cultures, and made the world smaller. People can travel or migrate from one place to another very quickly. They see how people in other zones dress, speak and behave. The more exposure to other traditions and customs they do, the more likely they adopt to those. As a result, their own traditions and customs are replaced by a massive one. Another reason for the impact of modern technology on creating a similar world is that it makes possible for cultures to communicate with each other. When watching TV programmes, searching web and chatting through the Internet, people learn about foreign cultures and try to make some of those their own. The exchange of knowledge has had a great impact on their lives. The cafà © from Brazil, the scotch from Scotland, the cigars from Cuba, the wine from France, the American music, that appear and become well-known in many parts of the world are good examples of how modern technology influences people’s life and also creates a single world culture. With the rapid development of modern technology, people learn and come to appreciate foreign cultures. They recognize the value of variety. Therefore, in the near future, there will be many similarities in country’s cultures. Traditional cultures around the world may be more willing to join our call for a single world one.

The Silver Linings Playbook Chapter 43

Best Intentions Pat, It's been a while, hopefully long enough. If you haven't ripped up this letter already, please read until the end. As you have discovered, I am a much better writer than I am a speaker at this point in my life. Everybody hates me. Did you know your brother came to my house and threatened to kill me if I made contact with you? His sincerity scared me – enough to keep me from writing earlier. Even my parents have reproached me for pretending to be Nikki. My therapist says my betrayal might not be forgivable, and by the way she kept repeating the word â€Å"unforgivable,† I could tell she was very disappointed in me. But the truth is, I did it for your benefit. Yes, I was hoping that once you found closure and got over Nikki, you would want to give me a shot – especially since we are such great dance partners, we both enjoy running, we are in similar housing situations, and let's face it, we're both fighting hard to maintain our grip on reality. We have a lot in common, Pat. I still believe you fell into my life for a reason. Because I love you, I want to tell you something I have never told anyone – except my therapist. It's sort of screwed up, so I hope you will be able to handle it. At first I wasn't going to tell you, but I figured the situation couldn't get any worse, and maybe a little honesty could go a long way right now. I don't know if you know this, but Tommy was a cop. He worked for the Meadowville Police Department and was assigned to the high school sort of as a counselor. So half of his hours were spent working with and counseling troubled teenagers, and the other half of his hours he was just a regular cop. I'm telling you this because it is important to understand that Tommy was a good man. He did not deserve to die, and his death absolutely proves that life is random and fucked-up and arbitrary, until you find someone who can make sense of it all for you – if only temporarily. Anyway, Tommy was really good with teenagers, and he even started a club at the high school designed to raise awareness about the dangers of drinking and driving. Many of the parents thought the club condoned underage drinking, because it was not an anti-underage-drinking club but just an anti-drinking-and-driving club, so Tommy had to fight really hard to keep it afloat. Tommy told me that a lot of the high school kids drank every weekend, and underage drinking was even condoned by many of the town's parents. And the funniest thing to me was that the kids came to him and asked him to start the club because they were worried that someone was going to get hurt or die if their friends kept driving home after parties. Can you imagine talking to a cop like that when you were a teenager? That's the kind of guy Tommy was, people trusted him instantly. So Tommy organized assemblies and even put together this teacher karaoke night where students could pay money to hear their favorite teachers perform the current hits. Tommy could talk people into doing things like that. I'd go to these events, and Tommy would be up on the stage with all those teenagers, and he'd be singing and dancing with the other teachers, all of whom he had convinced to dress up in wild costumes – and parents, students, administrators would be all smiles. You couldn't help it, because Tommy was such a burst of positive energy. And he always gave speeches during these events – listing facts and statistics about drinking and driving. People listened to Tommy. People loved him. I loved him so fucking much, Pat. A funny thing about Tommy was he liked to have sex a lot. He always wanted to make love. I mean, as soon as he got home from work, his hands were all over me. I'd wake up every morning and he'd be on top of me. We could hardly eat a meal together without his hands sliding under the table, searching for my legs. And if Tommy was home, there was no way I'd ever get through a television show, because as soon as a commercial came on, he'd be rock hard and giving me that look. It was pretty wild, and I loved it for the first ten years of our marriage. But after ten years of nonstop sex, I got a little tired of it. I mean – life is more than sex, right? So one bright sunny morning, after we had just finished making love under the kitchen table, the teakettle whistled, so I stood and poured two cups. â€Å"I'm thinking maybe we should limit sex to so many times a week,† I said. I'll never forget the look on his face. He looked as if I had shot him in the stomach. â€Å"Is something wrong?† he said. â€Å"Am I doing something wrong?† â€Å"No. It's not like that at all.† â€Å"Then what?† â€Å"I don't know. Is it normal to have sex several times a day?† â€Å"Don't you love me anymore?† Tommy asked me with this wounded-little-boy look I still see whenever I close my eyes at night. Of course I told Tommy I loved him more than ever, but I just wanted to slow down a little with the sex. I told him I wanted to talk with him more, take walks, and find some new hobbies, so sex could be special again. â€Å"Having this much sex,† I told him, â€Å"sort of takes the magic out of it.† For some odd reason, I remember suggesting that we go horseback riding. â€Å"So you're telling me the magic is gone?† he said, and that question was the last thing he ever did say to me. So you're telling me the magic is gone? I remember talking a lot after he said that, telling him we could have sex as much as he wanted and that this was just a suggestion, but he was wounded. He was looking at me suspiciously the whole time, as if I were cheating on him or something like that. But I wasn't. I just wanted to slow down a little so I could appreciate sex more. Too much of a good thing, was all I wanted to tell him. But it was clear I had hurt him, because before I could finish explaining, he stood up and went upstairs to take a shower. He left the house without saying goodbye. I got the call at work. All I remember hearing was that Tommy was hurt and had been rushed to West Jersey Hospital. When I got to the hospital, there were a dozen men in blue uniforms, cops everywhere. Their glistening eyes told me. Later I would find out that Tommy had gone to the Cherry Hill Mall during his lunch break. They found a Victoria's Secret bag full of lingerie in his cruiser – every piece was my size. On his way back to Meadowville, he stopped on the highway to help an elderly woman whose car had broken down. Tommy called her a tow truck, but then he stood at the nervous old lady's window chatting with her, keeping her company while she waited. Tommy was always chatting with people like that. The cruiser was behind him, the lights were going, but he was standing at the edge of the highway's breakdown lane. Some driver who had drunk his lunch dropped his cell phone, and when he bent down to pick it up, he pulled the wheel to the right, crossed two lanes, and †¦ The lead in the local paper read â€Å"Police Officer Thomas Reed – who was responsible for starting Meadowville High School's Anti-Drinking-and-Driving Club – was killed by a drunk driver.† It was all so ironic, almost funny in a sadistic way. There were so many cops at his funeral. Kids from the high school made our front lawn into a living memorial – they stood on the sidewalk with candles and flowers. When I refused to go outside, these teenagers sang so sweetly to me through the first few evenings, a chorus of sad, beautiful voices. Our friends brought food, Father Carey talked to me about heaven, my parents cried with me, and Ronnie and Veronica stayed at our house for the first few weeks or so. But the only thing I could think about was how Tommy died believing I no longer wanted to have sex with him. I felt so guilty, Pat. I wanted to die. I kept thinking he would not have gone to Victoria's Secret on his lunch break if we had not had the fight, an d then he would have never passed the old woman in the broken-down car, which meant he would not have been killed. I felt so guilty. I still feel so fucking guilty. After a few weeks I went back to work, but everything in my mind got switched up. My guilt turned to need, and suddenly I was craving sex very badly. So I started to fuck men – any man who was game. All I really had to do was look at a man in that certain way, and within a few seconds I knew if they were going to fuck me. And when they did, I would close my eyes and pretend it was Tommy. To be with my husband again, I'd fuck men anywhere. In a car. In the coatroom at work. In an alley. Behind a bush. In a public restroom. Anywhere. But in my mind, it was always under the kitchen table, and Tommy had come back to me, and I had told him I wasn't tired of having sex, but would make love to him as many times as he needed, because I loved him with all my heart. I was sick. And there was no shortage of men who were eager to capitalize on my sickness. There were men everywhere who – with glee – would fuck this mentally ill woman. Of course this led to my losing my job, therapy, and many medical tests. Luckily, I did not contract any diseases, and I'd be happy to get tested again if that ever becomes an issue for us. But even if I had contracted AIDS or whatever, it would have been worth it to me at the time, because I needed that closure. I needed that forgiveness. I needed to live out the fantasy. I needed to fuck away my guilt so I could break out of the fog I was in, to feel something, to feel anything, and begin to start my life again, which I am only now beginning to do – since we became friends. I have to admit that during Veronica's dinner party I only thought of you as an easy lay. I sized you up in your stupid Eagles jersey and figured I could get you to fuck me, so I could pretend you were Tommy. I hadn't done it in a long time. I no longer wanted to have sex with strangers, but you weren't a stranger. You were handpicked by my own sister. You were a safe man with whom Ronnie was trying to set me up. So I figured I would begin to have sex with you regularly, just so I could fantasize about Tommy again. But when you held me in front of my parents' house, and when you cried with me, things changed – in a very dramatic way. I did not understand it at first, but as we ran together and ate raisin bran at the diner and went to the beach and became friends – simply friends, without any sex to complicate things – it was sort of nice in a way I hadn't anticipated. I just liked being around you, even if we didn't say anything. I knew I had feelings for you when I began to cringe inwardly at the sound of Nikki's name. It was obvious you were not ever going to get back together with your wife, so I called your mom and got her drunk at the local bar, and she told me everything about you. You didn't see me, but I was in the driveway when she came home so loaded and you helped her into the house. I drove her home that night. After what happened to Tommy, I don't drink at all. We've been meeting every week since, Pat. She needed a friend; she needed to talk to someone about your father. So I listened. At first I was just using her for information, but now we are sort of girlfriends. She did not know about the letters I was writing as Nikki, and she was really mad at me for a while after the Christmas episode, but she knows about this letter obviously, since she delivered it for me. She is a very strong and forgiving woman, Pat. She deserves better than your father, and maybe you deserve better than me. Life is f unny like that. I wrote those letters hoping to provide you with the closure I somehow found through casual sex after Tommy died. Please know I began the liaison scheme only after I was certain that Nikki would never agree to talk to you again under any circumstance. Maybe you will never be able to forgive me, but I wanted you to know I had the best intentions – and I still love you in my own fucked-up way. I miss you, Pat. I really do. Can we at least be friends? Tiffany

Texting vs. Txting

Texting vs. Txting We live in a society where education and experience are some of the most valued characteristics to acquiring a well-paid job in the vast job market. We no longer live in the past where a high school degree was enough to land you a managerial position in a corporate company, and our expectations for education do not stop at an early accomplishment of an Associate’s Degree. We need, and presume for more. Starting out with a minute understanding of the world, we have evolved and grown to comprehend not only the physics of nature, but we are now capable of predicting what will happen next in our daily lives.Over the last centuries we have developed numerous languages and techniques to be able to thoroughly communicate and express our feeling to one another. Language is a method for communication and should not be taken for anything higher. Why can’t we simplify the language to our benefits to promote a more effective, and efficient system of communication ? Currently texting is defined as a â€Å"textese,† â€Å"slanguage,† or a â€Å"digital virus† (Crystal 335). Texting is a source of communication, promoting positive impacts on learning, time consumption, and social interactions.Texting consists of numbers, letters, and signs which allow us to condense long and challenging expressions into more efficiently read words on a keyboard. Texting is used to condense elongated words into simpler more easily typed words. The word â€Å"message† can be converted to simpler more efficient term â€Å"msg. † Before you break any rules of the English language, you first need to understand the linguistic rules of the correct language to be able to text appropriately.Texting helps the users to comprehend the language more than ever before as David Crystal states, â€Å"The latest studies ( from a team at Coventry University) have found strong positive links between the use of texting language and the skills und erlying success in standard English in pre-teenage children†(Crystal 345). In a sense the â€Å"art† of texting is beneficial not only to conserve time, but to expand on the knowledge of vocabulary and grammatical understanding of the English language.Time has become a very treasured and valuable aspect in our daily lives. We sleep less, walk faster, and work harder in order to complete more tasks and to be able to live our lives to the fullest. Texting is a part of that same scheme of things; shaving lost time spelling full words, and promoting efficiency in our daily lives. Although efficiency is a positive aspect on texting, some would say otherwise such as Lynne Truss states, â€Å"I have a ‘zero tolerance approach’ to grammar mistakes that make people look stupid. The use of texting must contain an appropriate time and place to be used, as this example explains that inappropriate uses of texting would cost you your job. An example of a way that textin g promotes efficiency is that of someone that works in an office environment, where employees can do desk work and still be able to speak to their acquaintances without having to take a break and walk outside to speak about their matter. Texting promotes a broader band of social interactions between family, friends, and co-workers.Texting is a source of communication that does not require your full attention as talking on the phone would. Texting also promotes a larger and wider range of conversations to be discussed with an array of outcomes and results to be conjured upon over time. This creative and complex method for communication allows for a longer and more interesting approach to communication versus speaking to someone face-to-face or on the phone. This strategy of messaging is an ultimately easier and more relaxed approach to communication on the go.Cellphone messaging can lead to more outcomes, as well as more ideas to be explored. Texting is a broad source for learning, e fficiency, and social exploration. Although texting has claimed a bad reputation over the years, such as texting and driving, we need to look past the bad and towards the future of texting. Texting is a skill and a privilege containing rules and expectations to be used while texting. Today, we have a new and preferred way to communicate for the young and the old, and the trend continues to grow.Texting is a new system of communication and we should not label it as a disruption, but rather call it a â€Å"language in evolution† (Crystal 345). Works Cited Crystal, David. â€Å"2b or Not 2b? †Ã‚  The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 04 July 2008. Web. 19 Feb, 2013. Truss, Lynne. Eats, Shoots & Leaves: The Zero Tolerance Approach to Punctuation. New York: Gotham, 2004. Print. Wiens, Kyle. â€Å"HBR Blog Network. †Ã‚  Harvard Business Review. Harvard Business Publishing, 20 July 2012. Web. 19 Feb. 2013.

Quantitative and Qualitative research (Dose clothes price influence Paper

Quantitative and Qualitative (Dose clothes price influence Cambridge EF student to purchase) - Research Paper Example Stating precisely, as per the recent trend, the clothing price is getting cheaper than the previous trends. Correspondingly, in order to examine this notion, the students from the EF studies of Cambridge region will be observed in this study as subjects to answer the question as to whether they are being influenced by the clothing price. The prime objective of the study is to analyse the recent prices of clothes in the area of Cambridge region in contrast with the trend observed around the globe. Besides, the study will also evaluate the extent to which, the recent clothing price has been affecting the purchasing power of EF students from the Cambridge region, based on the hypothesis developed below. In the recent scenario, dressing style has become an important matter for the young generation, which is considered as a mechanism of imprinting one’s personality and superiority from their counterparts in the society. Observably, a large number of clothing or textiles companies have been paying more attention towards delivering quality services providing fashionable clothes to its consumers, based on their tastes and preferences. According to Allwood & et. al. (2006), the modern day clothing materials are getting cheaper, increasing scope for innovation in the industry dimensions. Notably, the modern trend clothing style is recognised as more fashionable rather than expensive and diverse, which indicates the perception of its users to differentiate themselves from others within the society. Allwood & et. al. (2006) further elaborated that in the year of 2000, aggregated consumer expenditure amounted at around US$1 trillion that also indicates the expanding boundaries of the industry. Above all, it signifies the changing perceptions and notions amid the consumers of the clothing industry, which on a wider realm, may exhibit the transformations witnessed within

Bus law case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bus law case - Essay Example Boston Scientific Corp., 433 F.3d 1, US Court of Appeals, First Circuit, (2006). Ruben Carnero was an Argentine, and an employee of Boston Scientific Argentina as well as Boston Scientific Brazil prior to his termination in August 2002.the termination prompted him to seek statutory severance under Argentine and Brazilian law. Also, he brought a whistleblowing claim involving the value of stock option as stipulated under SOXA. Carnero asserted that SOXA was aimed at safeguarding domestic securities against improper accounting practices. Thus, the whistleblower protection was to extend outside the U.S to enhance effectiveness. To counter this, BSC quoted the legislative history of the Sarbanes-Oxley act which was inclined to domestic issues relating to the Enron scandal. On this grounds, BSC held that there lacked sufficient basis to overcome the presumption against application of the Sarbanes-Oxley statute outside the U.S. territories (Hartman and Cheeseman 287-291). The court therefore dismissed the whistleblowing claim which Carnero brought against the Boston Scientific Corporation. From this decision, it is discernible that foreign workers cannot sue under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act whistleblower provisions. Apparently, the decision implies that the whistleblowing protections are not applicable to foreign citizens who are working beyond the U.S territories for foreign subsidiary companies covered by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. This ruling does not seem to frustrate the SOXA as it does not apply extraterritorially. In Collins v. Beazer Homes USA Inc., 334 F. Supp. 2d 1365, 2004 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 18374 (ND Ga. 2004) the plaintiff, Collins was relieved of her duties as a director of marketing after she complained about specific marketing and various other decisions. In this case, the court held that Beazer lacked clear evidence that would have Collins fired (Hartman and Cheeseman 281-287). This decision too, does not seem to thwart the SOXA act. With regards to

Explore the Causes of the Current Financial Crisis That Started in Essay

Explore the Causes of the Current Financial Crisis That Started in 2007 - Essay Example There are various causes for this crisis and this paper shall explore these causes as well as the theoretical views which seem to be relevant in explaining its causes. Body The global financial crisis which started in 2007 is considered one of the most disastrous economic issues the world has ever experienced. In so many ways, it is being likened to the Great Depression seen in 1929, as well as the Russian crisis in 1992 (Banking Law Committee, 2009). Most countries also seem to agree that the main cause of the crisis was the credit boom and the increase in housing prices. As the 2007 was starting to loom over the global market, the US ratio of debt to national income went up by 100% or from 3.75-4.75 to one (Banking Law Committee, 2009). At about the same time, the house prices also increased at a rate of 11% per year. Since 2007, the global market has been hit with various developments which were rooted on the earlier issues on the unfavourable performance of sub-prime mortgages in the US (Banking Law Committee, 2009). The housing boom was followed by a bust which then caused defaults and collapse of mortgages thereby causing financial turmoil. Financial institutions have been met with losses which amounted to billions of dollars and are still continuing to do so (Banking Law Committee, 2009). ... The gravity and the volume of negative financial outcomes at that time, coupled with the impotency of the remedies being carried out also forced the authorities to consider the origins of the crisis and the market tools by which the crisis could be contained and managed. The causes of the financial crisis which started in 2007 shall be considered below. Mortgage lending was considered as one of the main causes of the 2007 financial crisis. Before the crisis, abundant credit, low interest rates, and increased housing prices, the lending conditions were so relaxed that people started to buy houses they could not afford (Murphy, 2008). As prices started to fall and loans were being called in, the shock spread throughout the entire system. The housing bubble also made the crisis worse and the Federal Reserve allowed housing prices to increase at sustainable and impractical rates. As the bubble burst, the crisis was triggered (Labonte, 2007). There was also a lack of transparency and acco untability in mortgage finance. There were numerous bad mortgages throughout the system as well as selling of bad securities. Lenders could sell mortgages to home owners and not feel any accountability for it; this pattern was also seen among brokers, realtors, and individuals in rating agencies as well as other market participants (Jickling, 2010). The crashing housing prices impacted on household wealth, including the spending and defaults on loans by lending institutions. Housing prices from 2000 to 2006 doubled and later subsequently collapsed. The housing bubble was caused by a long period of low interest rates offered by the Federal Reserve and these monetary policies were too permissive for too

Gender and Work - Masculine or Feminine Work Essay

Gender and Work - Masculine or Feminine Work - Essay Example Any activity which led to the seeking of subsistence means was covered in the heading of â€Å"work† while all other activities of â€Å"reproduction† and assuring the sustenance of life cycle (nursing) were reduced to â€Å"limitation†. Unfortunately, the later was what women were supposed to do by default and therefore men took the charge of the more proactive role of sustenance of family like tracking and killing animals for food. This natural evolution of role created â€Å"myths of work† for men and women. The simple myth which evolved was that what men do is â€Å"work† while what women does back at home does not fall in the definitions of work or we can say that the distinction was laid down as masculine or feminine work. With the advancement on the course of history the women’s influence in different fields has changed and now women are also out in search of sustenance means for their family, thus blurring the primitive masculine and feminine myth of work. However, the age-old psyche was not that easy to overcome as the women came in the field with the â€Å"the same old myth† attached to her. Resultantly, either woman was given â€Å"inferior jobs† presupposing that the jobs pertaining to men could not be done by them befittingly. Although, the increase of women’s role in the domain of men â€Å"work† and success in that continued the attack on the masculine and feminine myth of work but initiated another dimension in it. More work, with an assumption that women are not able to go through such rigours of intensive work, entered the scene. This ability to work for long hours was equated with success and a general perception was created among people that working long hours is important for career advancement.  This development made both men and women so involved in their jobs and working places that they grade their workplace as â€Å"a place for (their) soul to recreate itself, a place for self-improvement, and a place for spiritual training . . . [the worker] looks for the reason of his being or identity in hard work’ (Schwenkter, 1995).  

Traditional Chinese Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 10

Traditional Chinese Culture - Essay Example The Chinese traditional distinct language is a cultural value that establishes a mutually tolerant and universally embraceable world order. Language is a communication symbol that connects the Chinese citizens with external contacts. This is because a person has to learn the traditional Chinese language in order to transact business with the locals (Zhang 9). The distinct grammatical and phonological set up of the language inspires interest among foreigners. Similarly, the unique writing style requires one to understand the sentence formation for easy communication. For instance, business interactions require the usage of a common communication model understood by all partners. The traditional Chinese language has been studied across the world because the country boasts of sophisticated industrial and technological advancements (Zhang10). As a result, this has inspired a mutually tolerant and universally embraceable world order where people from diverse backgrounds come together to l earn a common language. Religion is always a unifying element that brings together believers to embrace and accept each other. China has three main religious denominations that people profess to for spiritual nourishment and divine intervention. The Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism have contributed to the Chinese civilization through their spiritual teachings. Buddhism is the most practiced religion in the country and spreads across other Asian nations (Zhang 15). The social and ethnic relevance of the religious associations has enabled the believers to develop their generation. It is apparent that Buddhism has had a remarkable contribution to Chinese civilization because most of the words and phrase used in the country have roots in the Buddhist origin.

Natural Law Jurisprudence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Natural Law Jurisprudence - Essay Example Jurisprudence implies creating a body of law and methods for interpreting the law, studying the relationships between law and society, and predicting the effects of legal decisions . It is the science or philosophy of law. It applies to substantive law and to the legal system in general. It is based on the fundamental principle of 'just society' which means in a democratic country, all are equal and their rights (personal and property rights) should be protected before law. Judges apply it without favor or fear. Jurisprudence implies creating a body of law and methods for interpreting the law, studying the relationships between law and society, and predicting the effects of legal decisions.(Wikipedia) . The purpose of jurisprudence is to "achieve social order through subjecting people's conduct to the guidance of general rules by which they may themselves orient their behavior" (Fuller 1965, 657). The word ' Teleology is derived from the Greek word 'telos, which means "goal", purpose".(- page : socillogy 3rd ref ). The ancient world was permeated by teleological thought, that is, a belief that everything has a pre-ordained purpose - there's a pattern to the world and to each thing in it . (Socrates, Aristotle, the Stoics - also the Oracle in The Matrix). It is based on the Greek concept of 'eudemonism' which means that people live a satisfying life based on Universal laws. The Greeks viewed the universe as self correcting." The state, like all things, has a certain end. A just state is one that is organized in such a way as to achieve this teleological purpose."( Plato : The Republic)."Within the state, every person has a role or function, and 'just conduct' lies in fulfilling his or her role. "( Aldous Huxley's novel Brave New World). Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas were great supporters of teleology .Whether " Natural Law Jurisprudence automatically lends itself to the teleolo gical approach" In order to analyze this question , first we have to understand the characteristics of Natural law and teleology . Natural Law Jurisprudence has the following distinguishing features which separates it from teleological law . i. Natural law is universal and unchanging - it's always available to legislators, judges and citizens of any jurisdiction in the field of justice - correcting wrongs and distributing goods (Harris) ii. The sources of natural law are customs, usages, case laws and precedents iii. It is discoverable by human reason iv. Natural law attempts to analyze, explain, classify, and criticize entire bodies of law, ranging from contract to tort to constitutional law. v. It commands obedience from people and people obey it in moral sense. vi. In the US and many parts of the world, Natural Law has become very much influential. vii. International law derives its validity from natural law. International Law is based on the principles of Natural law jurisprudence. UN Charter recognizes natural rights, and principles. viii. The formation of the

Maths and Excel exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Maths and Excel exercise - Essay Example The horizontal dotted line indicates that the blue curve and the green curve have the same maximum. The vertical dotted lines indicate the maxima for the three curves, respectively. g) The weight of the heads of household appears to be normally distributed. Wages however are extremely skewed, resulting in many households with low wages and a few with high wages. The education level is a symmetric, discrete distribution, with both highly educated and less educated heads of households being rare. Since weight is the only symmetric distributed variable in the table, only in its case are the sample mean and median close to each other. Another indication that weight is indeed normally distributed is the proximity of the actual percentages of weights falling within the three given intervals to the empirical percentages. This is because the empirical percentages are calculated assuming normality of the data. An interesting observation is that the size of the 95% confidence interval for clothing and recreational expenses is actually much higher than that of more basic expenses such as food and housing. It is also interesting to note that clothing and recreational expen ses are more tightly correlated with net income than food and household expense are, as indicated by the marginally higher correlation coefficient of TOTEXP2 with FINC than TOTEXP1 with FINC. ... TOTEXP2 10.82 109.38 Note: 95% Confidence Interval has been calculated for the left tail, since all 3 variables show skewed distributions. e) Correlation coefficient r = 0.9927 Correlation coefficient r = 0.9979 f) The regression equation for TOTEXP1 Vs FINC is y = .59x + 1.5, while the regression equation for TOTEXP2 Vs FINC is y = .16x + .088 g) The weight of the heads of household appears to be normally distributed. Wages however are extremely skewed, resulting in many households with low wages and a few with high wages. The education level is a symmetric, discrete distribution, with both highly educated and less educated heads of households being rare. Since weight is the only symmetric distributed variable in the table, only in its case are the sample mean and median close to each other. Another indication that weight is indeed normally distributed is the proximity of the actual percentages of weights falling within the three given intervals to the empirical percentages. This is because the empirical percentages are calculated assuming normality of the data. An interesting observation is that the size of the 95% confidence interval for clothing and recreational expenses is actually much higher than that of more basic expenses such as food and housing. It is also interesting to note that clothing and recreational expens es are more tightly correlated with net income than food and household expense are, as indicated by the marginally higher correlation coefficient of TOTEXP2 with FINC than TOTEXP1 with FINC. One possible interpretation is that spending on less basic needs is more constrained by income than spending on more basic needs

Problems of Moral and Social Values Essay Example for Free

Problems of Moral and Social Values Essay â€Å"According to the Greatest Happiness Principle, as above explained, the ultimate end, with reference to and for the sake of which all other things are desirable (whether we are considering our own good or that of other people), is an existence exempt as far as possible from pain, and as rich as possible in enjoyments, both in point of quantity and quality; the test of quality, and the rule for measuring it against quantity, being the preference felt by those who in their opportunities of experience, to which must be added their habits of self-consciousness and self-observation, are best furnished with the means of comparison. This, being, according to the utilitarian opinion, the end of human action, is necessarily also the standard of morality; which may accordingly be defined, the rules and precepts for human conduct, by the observance of which an existence such as has been described might be, to the greatest extent possible, secured to all mankind; and not to them only, but, so far as the nature of things admits, to the whole sentient creation†¦ (Mill, 1863)†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The quotation seemed to imply the thesis made by John Stuart Mill in Chapter 2 of his work Utilitarianism. As he explained the argument of the utilitarians, it was unintelligible for the opponents of the Theory of Utilitarianism to suppose that the principle that they advocate promote the concept of pleasure or that of happiness. The debate on the issue of quality and quantity as the indicator of the greatest utility was described by Mill as nothing but an interpretation of an irrational being. The end of the human conduct implied the standard of morality (Mill, 1863) thus it was meaningless to say that a person withheld his pursuit of happiness or pleasure for the promotion of the greatest utility. In this point, Mill contended that the greatest utility was indeed the same thing which gives the greatest happiness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As consistently highlighted by the utilitarians, promotion of pleasure and aversion from pain were the only things that a man must take as his ultimate ends. In this way, what satisfied him or gave him happiness was the very thing that gave him the best utility. However, this argument was mistakenly interpreted by the adversaries of the Utilitarian principle by saying that not all men necessarily have the same regard to different objects of pleasure – meaning, their degree or intensity of being satisfied varied. Thus, the adversaries claimed, that the greatest utility for the greatest quantity was not practicable given that one may saw one thing as more valuable than other things while others saw these things as more important than the other one.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mill attempted to correct this way of looking at the utilitarian principle by, again, applying the most notable comparison between swine or beast and man. Man was higher than the former since man had superior mental faculties which allowed him to judge rationally. He was not easily satisfied by less pleasurable things as how swine and beast would do. Man possessed â€Å"pride† and, much, â€Å"has sense of dignity (Mill, 1863).† He could not stand the case that his pleasures were as low or the same as the swine or beast. Hence, in some way, all men had the same faculties to judge between the lesser and the greater pleasure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To support this, Mill insisted the role that the â€Å"habits of self-consciousness and self-observation (Mill, 1863)† played. Having the ability to observe, compare, and analyze the way things were presented to him, man could give his judgments on the issue raised earlier. There could be a case that a man would tend to be inclined with lesser pleasures than being in tuned with the greater pleasures but still at some point, man knew which of the pleasures weighs than the other. It was just his moral judgment was weaker and more prone to go before the bodily pleasures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mill furthered that this human ability to arrive at moral judgment could be compare with health. Mind and body comprised man. Both required the latter to pursue fuels that would maintain the stability of the two components. Nevertheless, to become healthy, man must be able to realize that the needs of the soul or the mind were far greater than needs of the body. Thus, man could only become healthy if he had successfully done this.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As a result, all men, who all had rational abilities to judge whether one thing had greater value than the other, would not say that the other thing possessed the greater value. This opened the idea that all men recognized things of greater value. They were indeed being urged by their body to choose the lesser pleasures but as a moral agent, they would easily be satisfied by those meager pleasures. Hence they would concur with the common good which offered the greatest good.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mill’s last argument to support the theory of Utility as the appropriate standard of morality talked about the perceived impossibility to perform pure altruistic acts. Sacrificing one’s single happiness did not necessarily mean that his or her happiness was outweighed by others’ happiness. It only implied that he or she recognized that only by letting go of his or her personal interests that he or she could have achieved the greater happiness possible. And this greater happiness would not only benefit the majority but also himself or herself. Individual happiness then as Mill suggested, was not really neglected or taken for granted but was indeed reinforced by the attainment of the greater good for the greater number (which included the moral agent himself).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To reflect on the arguments raised by Mill, it was true that what made a pleasurable thing pleasurable was the amount of happiness one may get from it or the opportunity to prevent the existence of pain. Everyone would agree with such definition (except in the cases of a masochist which considered the feeling of pain as pleasurable). And since men has the power to make moral judgment which made him not to choose the lesser form of pleasures, his choice must have always on the level as how other rational beings would have.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Being with the choice of other rational beings, a moral agent would then recognize the need to uphold this choice for the achievement or maintenance of the greatest utility or the greatest happiness. Thus, he learned to put aside his lesser concerns to be able to prepare himself to do more elevated efforts for the betterment of mankind. Yet, this did not make him absolutely selfless. Whatever his efforts done even if these may appear for the benefit of other people, still he or she would receive something in return. And that explained his quest for the greatest utility. Reference: Mill, J.S. (1863). Utilitarianism. Aspen Publishers.

Social Illness - Islam Is the Best Solution Essay Example for Free

Social Illness Islam Is the Best Solution Essay If Maher Zain stands on the stage to praise the Almighty in his song , If Datuk Dr. Fadzillah Kamsah gives his powerful words to motivate us but me , will deliver you a nice speech as it is also a good reminder to us entitled ‘Islam as the best solution for social illness’. First and foremost , I bid you Assalamu Alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh to the honourable judges , the punctual timekeeper , teachers and fellow friends . Please lend me your ears on this delightful morning . Let me define first the meaning of social and illness . According to Oxford Dictionary defines social as activities in which people meet other for pleasure . While , illness is the state of being physically or mentally ill. So, social illness can be noted as the illness or the problems created by the human kind in the society related to the immoral behaviour. Members of the floor , On the 4th June 1981 people throughtout the world have been surprised with the presence of new virus which is known as HIV . Althought the virus has killed about millions of people in this world , scientist still cannot find any vaccine to treat this problem . However , how many of us are trying to find the vaccine for the virus of social ills, although it has been spread widely since hundred years ago ? It is possible if we have found the vaccine for social ills before the black day , 4th June 1981 ; the HIV may not spread throughout this world . This is because the HIV virus had been firstly detected from a couple of homosexual in America . A popular saying goes . , ‘’ it is as well to know which ways the winds blows ‘’ , as it is better to know first the cause of the social illness before we eagerly take precautions steps . For my view, lack of religious education among Malaysians is the underlying factor for this problem as we knew that none of the religions in this world ask their follower to be a bad person . It is important to gives religious education to our children as early as 3 or 4 years old as there goes a saying ‘‘ spare the rod and spoil the child ’’, the children who are never been disciplined will grow up to be bad . It is definitely wrong if modernism parents think that religious education is not important in order to create a shining future for their children as religious education is like a barrier in their heart to prevent them from doing something bad such as playing truant . Members of the floor , Other that that, it is believed that family crisis is one of the main factors for the disease . The children will be so depressed with the problem and they will do ‘something’ to release their tension . Majority parents from this kind of family are usually not taking care much on their children’s situation as they are more preferring to solve their own problems . The children felt free to do anything without parental concerned sich as clubbing and racing . This is not good for them as they may meet more bad companies that can lead them to worst social problems . Last but not least , this problem is also caused by the peer factor. In 24 hours a day , the children spent their time more with their peers than with others and that is why peers have great influence in their children’s behavior . As teenagers are too young , sometimes they cannot consider their decision correctly . They will follow all their peers’ behavior even they know their peers are not good ones as they think that their peers will exclude them if they do not follow what their peers do. To round off , the social ills in Malaysia are getting worse to worst nowadays. As you can see here , I keep focusing on their children and teenagers in Malaysia as the number of social ills gradually increasing among them . We , as the future leader of our mother land should take all the necessary steps to solve this problem. It is our responsibility to produce the free-social-ills-next-generation . Remember , ‘’preventing is better than cure ’’. With that I end my speech with Wa billahi Taufiq Wal hidayah Wassalamu Alaikum wbt . Thank you .

Chips Food Industry: Marketing Analysis

Chips Food Industry: Marketing Analysis Integrated marketing communication program for CHIPS: Executive summary: Various CHIPS industry such as Lays, Uncle chips, and fun pop etc. design various integrated marketing program. Although common objective of all IMC program is increase brand awareness, sale and design a unique image in customers mind. In order to address and attract customer all chips industry launch various campaign. To communicate with public and customers they advertise their campaign on TV, magazine, online and radio. Through their advertisement they want to design their brand image in customer mind. Besides advertisement, they also carried out promotion activity, public relation, direct marketing etc. Direct marketing is although time consuming but most effective tool for communication. Various chips industry also organizes various events in order to communicate properly with customers, for example Lays company was planning to launch a new taste called â€Å"GIVE US YOUR DILLICIOUS FLAVOR† for their customers. Main purpose of this event is to increase the variety of chips . Before designing IMC program this company carried out market research in order to judge customers behaviors and taste toward chips. For research they design the strategy for chips event. During the event they decided to get feedback from customer who visits retail outlet so that appropriate primary data can be collected for designing IMC strategy for â€Å"The HUB†. Before designing integrated marketing communication program it is necessary to judge consumers behavior toward chips , it is necessary to known customers liking and disliking, these data provide various support during designing of IMC program. Although there are various media available for communicating but Print ads in magazine and news paper is seen most effective medium followed by television. After Research survey done by various chips company, it has been found that oldest peoples were less brand conscious than youths. There is no particular taste trend about chips among oldest peoples, but youths are more conscious towards chips market. â€Å"Tastes† and â€Å"varieties† are the major attributes considered by customer while buying chips. Marketing plan plan Situation Analysis: Every organization faces a lot of problem at present time so it became necessary for every organization that before setting any objective carried out situation analysis in order to recognize strength, weakness, opportunities and threat present in our organization. According to Sally and John, marketing plans are â€Å"the written document or blueprint for implementing and controlling an organizations marketing activities related to a particular marketing strategy†. A successful marketing plan is able to improve organizations profits and growth, uses in objective setting and monitors results. So to gain a successful market plan it is necessary to understand the current situation comprehensively and trends affecting the future of the organization. There are two major reasons to explain why situation analysis plays a vital role in developing marketing plan. Firstly, dynamic marketing environment will lead to uncertainty, threats and opportunities for marketers. Marketing managers who success to know changes in environment through situation analysis can lead their companies to capitalize on opportunities and cope with threats created by changes. Then, systematically analyzing situational environments in order to identify our customers and understand their needs and taste. There are certain opportunities in chips industry, such as increase people taste, increase market and market share through integrated PR, and advertisement and promotional campaign. Besides opportunities there is a lot of threat that create barrier for entry in chips industry. These threats are as follow: Too much competitors in the market Mainly prefer to old brand. High price and loyalty decrease loyalty toward brand Main objective behind situation analysis is to known analyze customer, competitor and there strategy. Marketing objective: After situation analysis we became able to known our organization strength, weakness, opportunities and threat present in environment. It provides a lot of support in setting of objective. There may be a lot of marketing objective, some are as follow: Increase market share To Launch new variety chips with new flavors. Increase sale by 50% in 6 month from the launch of public campaign Create awareness among target audience. Use excessive advertising especially using media preferred by the target market. Create product belonging and position among buyers mind Marketing strategies : To achieve these objective we implement various strategy. Target market: Urban personality: Affluent institutes Prosperous young professional Students and cosmopolitan Mainly for the youth Gender: male and female Age: 5 to 40 years Marketing Mix Strategies : Main aim of various chips industry to produce high quality chips in different-different ingredients such as SPICY, BUTTER, SALTED, LEMON. This is mostly done to capture youth attention. They produce chips in different ingredients to capture more market share. Must of chips brand such as lays, uncle chips, bingo, fun pop jump in to Indian market by producing high quality of chips. Form that alls lays captured very high share in the market. Pricing range from 3 to 40. Chips do not need too much promotion. It is done mostly by fair, E commerce and agent The distribution channels for chips industry are as follows. MANUFACTURER (COMPANY) WHOLESELLER CHIPS SEND TO RETAILER CUSTOMER Internal Process It is as follows. Import Potato Cutting Fried Wrapped flavors Withdraw wastage Finishing Dispatched to store Packing and containers Samples of Product; Implementation tactics : Launch a blind ad campaign on billboards and magazines in all A class areas of major cities and magazine. Heavy advertising on TV, newspapers and magazines Set displays in buses and major dealer outlets in all cities. Reduce number of billboards, television and magazines advertisements. Continue Advertising Evaluation, Monitoring and Control: Goal of marketing plan is to achieve market objective that are established before implementation of marketing plan. We evaluate and control our strategic tactic by comparing our result with standard established before setting of plan, by measuring customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. If result is less than our standard than there any is default in implementation and monitoring. The people who are responsible for the monitoring and control of the marketing plan involves, the Marketing Executives, Sales Managers, Media Managers, Market Research Departments, and the Production Managers. Some activities must be carried out for precisely and closely evaluating the effectiveness of the strategies and tactics for example the gathering and structuring of data regarding market, product, consumers and the pricing trends, then the generation of daily sales report should be maintained and then in the end continuous reconfirming of the marketing budget and activities by the managers of different divisions. The Integrated Marketing Communication Plan Integrated Marketing Communications is a term used to describe a holistic approach to marketing communication. It aims to ensure consistency of message and the complementary use of media. The concept includes online and offline marketing channels. Online marketing channels include any e-marketing campaigns or programs, pay-per-click, affiliate, email, banner to latest web related channels for webinar, blog, micro-blogging, RSS, podcast, and Internet TV. Offline marketing channels are traditional print (newspaper, magazine), mail order, public relations, industry relations, billboard, radio, and television. A company develops its integrated marketing communication programme using all the elements of the marketing mix (product, price, place, and promotion) So Integrated marketing communication is integration of all marketing tools, approaches, and resources within a company which maximizes impact on consumer mind and which results into maximum profit at minimum cost. Promotional activities include Advertising, sales promotion, and personal selling activities. It also includes internet marketing, sponsorship marketing, direct marketing, database marketing and public relations. And integration of all these promotional tools along with other components of marketing mix to gain edge over competitor is called Integrated Marketing Communication. Situational analysis : First of all we carried out we carried out situation analysis in order to understood problem. In this we identify our competitors and their strategy for example Lays carried out competitor analysis and find out various strategy adopted by other chips companies e.g. lays, uncle chips, kurkure , Fun pop, oho yes . After situation analysis Lays company found that customer wants a new taste in chips and needed a change in strategic direction. Management responded to the increase its manufacturing plants offshore and by introducing a new taste of chips in the market. Under situation analysis we also analyze financial position of company. IMC objective : There are various IMC objective set by jeans company after situation analysis in order to accomplish their goal. Some of objective are as follow: To Increase sale by 50% in six month To Increase brand awareness To Increase customer loyalty To Increase desire of customer To Increase repeat purchase To measure customer satisfaction To create relationship with customer on personal level To control and observe public opinion To receive feedback from customer on regular basis Media objectives state the impact that you expect to have on an audience in terms of reach and frequency. Objectives must meet the following criteria: Measurability Quantifiability Realism time-specificity Budget determination: We need to establish what amount of money will be needed to achieve the IMC objectives.Although there is various methods present to determine what amount of money invest on IMC. These methods are as follow: Affordable Method Percentage of Sales Method Unit of Sales Method Zero Budgeting Method In affordable method we invest money on IMC as soon as we can afford. However in Percentage of Sales Method amount of money invest on IMC tool depend on what amount of sale we expect to achieve during course of year. These percentages are mostly adhoc and sometime based on judgment. In Unit of Sales Method Company allocate a certain proportion of cost of product to promotion. Thus say if ex factory cost of the product is say Rs 10/ the company will allot Rs.100/- toward promotion cost. Hence if company expects sale 30000 unit of the product, thus allocated IMC budget will be Rs.30,00,000/-. In Zero Budgeting Method, company determine what need to achieve in term of sale and then rework backward in term of what money will be needed to be allocate to deliver those customers. Thus if company believe that in order to achieve their sales, 30,000 customers need to purchase their chips once during the planning period than it will work out what number of prospective customers will needed to be targeted through ATL and BTL activity, in order to achieve that result. IMC Methodologies There are various component of integrated marketing communication that is as follow: Advertisement Advertisement is any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas or products by an identified sponsor. Objective of any ads is to increase brand awareness. Objectives: There are mostly three objective of advertisement campaign, that are as follow: Inform Persuade Remind 1. Inform: Informative advertising, seeks to tell the market about the chips, explain the new quality added in chips, provide information on pricing, and build awareness of both the chips quality and the company. Such objectives are normally pursued at the launch of a new quality chips, or re-launch / up-date of an existing chips. 2. Persuade: Here objectives are to encourage the target audience to switch brands, make the purchase, and create a preference in the market for the chips as opposed to its competition. Advertising of this nature is required in highly competitive markets, where a ingredient of chips flavor competes directly with each other. In such circumstances businesses often seek to differentiate theirs chips through Comparison Advertising either directly or indirectly comparing its chips to that of its competitors. 3. Remind: Reminder Advertising, is used to maintain interest and awareness of a well established chips brand in the market, often in the latter stages of its product life cycle. It is often used at the Point-of-Purchase to remind consumers of the Brand. Advertisement budget: Having identified advertising objectives, the advertising budget must be set. Determining exactly how much a business should spend on advertising to achieve the desired level of sales. Commonly, the decision is based on past experience of expenditure on advertising, and the sales subsequently achieved. There are however a number of factors that can be considered in setting the advertising budget Factors influencing the setting of advertising Budgets: Product life cycle stage: New products in the Launch stage of their Product Life Cycle, will normally require greater expenditure on advertising to create product awareness, and encourage consumers to trial the product. Whilst products that have reached Maturity in their product life cycle, will often require smaller advertising budgets to achieve the level of sales required. Competition: The number of competitors in the market, and their expenditure on advertising competing products, will influence a business to spend to a similar or higher degree. Product Differentiation: A product very similar to other products on the market may require greater expenditure on advertising to differentiate it from its competitors. Advertising Strategy: Developing an Advertising Strategy to achieve the objectives of a campaign, requires that consideration be given to both the ‘Message which will be communicated and the ‘Media through which it will be sent Advertising Message An advertising campaign, no matter how much money is spent, no matter what media is used, will only be successful if the Message appeals to the target audience. Given the level of advertising which bombards the average consumer, a successful advertising message must stand out amongst the advertising clutter. Thus marketing professionals are required to be creative, imaginative and innovative in developing the advertising message, both in terms of what is said, and How it is said? What is said This is often referred to as the ‘Big Idea, and will normally address the key benefits sought by the target audience, motivating the audience to pay attention. Given the constant search for new ways to appeal to target audiences, it is difficult to categories the content of advertising messages which a business may send.. How they say it During delivery of advertisement massage in customer mind take the taste symbol, and various flavors as consideration. In addition the tone of the advertisement will need to be established, which can be either positive or negative. The advert may therefore promote positive feelings of fun, contentment, and happiness or take on a more negative, somber, or even threatening tone. Selecting Advertising Media: In addition to deciding upon the content, style and tone of the advertising message, the media through which the message will be communicated to the target audience must also be selected. Mostly for chips advertisement we select media such as magazine, newspaper and outdoor. TV rarely used for advertisement of chips. In order to select the most appropriate media, consideration must should be given to various advantage and disadvantage of various media. Strengths and weakness of various media are as given below: Television : Strengths Dynamic attention getting media, combining visual, sound and animated stimulus. Strong potential Impact High market coverage Good at demonstrating products Weaknesses: Highly expensive Poor at communicating lengthy technical information Newspapers: Strengths: Targeting is possible through profiling readership Good level of market coverage Weaknesses: Static media, not suitable for product demonstration Potential for poor reproduction, sometimes limited to black and white print Short-life span, i.e. todays newspapers become tomorrows rubbish Magazines: Strengths: High quality reproduction, of color images Targeting is possible through specialist publications Good pass on readership Weaknesses: Static media, not suitable for product demonstration Lengthy lead-time between advert being placed and magazine being published Outdoor: Strengths: High repeat exposure to advert Relatively low cost Low levels of competition, in terms of advertising clutter Weaknesses: Limited audience selectivity / targeting possible Static media, not suitable for product demonstrations Difficult to monitor effectiveness Sale promotion: Sale promotion is collection of various consumers and trade promotional tool such as rebate, discount, gift, contest, coupons, price deal, contest game, sampling etc. to increase sale of products. There are certain objectives of sale promotion. However main objective is to increase immediate sale because Sales Managers are under great pressure to produce results quickly. Objective: There are certain objectives of sale promotion that are as follow: To increase immediate customer sale To increase support among the marketers sales force. To gain the support of the trade in marketing the product Reasons for Growth of Sales Promotion: There are number of reason for growth of company in sale promotion some are as follow: 1. Increasing Competition Due to increase in competition, companies are finding it increasingly difficult to compete on quality. They are therefore resorting to more innovative methods of sales promotion. In order to have a competitive advantage over its competitors like lays, uncle chips, kurkure, oho yes, fun pops once a year has a grand sale of up to 50%. 2. Customers Have Become More Price Sensitive: The increase price sensitivity is direct result of rampant inflation. Economic support this trend further, as a result customers and dealer became more sensitive toward price. If the customers believes in on lays then he definitely buy the new chips but customer buy it when our product provide high quality with cheap rates. 3. Sales Promotions Generally Create an Immediate Positive Impact on Sales: Advertising, personal selling and other methods of promotion produce slower impact on sales in compared to sales promotion. Sales promotions are mostly for short duration, for a specified period, leading to a sense of urgency in consumers to buy now. This creates an immediate positive impact on sales. 4. Products have become more standardized: In many product categories there is proliferation of brand or line extension and me too many brands. Most of brand perceived by consumer varies little in price. Due to this it became very difficult for advertiser to reposition their product in customers mind. Due to which they focus on more and more on sale promotion to get immediate result. 6. Advertising Has Become More Expensive and Less Effective: All the advertising media have become quite expensive. Audio-visual medium, which is considered as the most effective for short-duration ads, may cost in excess of Rs. 1 lakh for a 10 second exposure during prime time. In many cases, consumers have reached a point of boredom due to excessive advertising on TV. Firms with small budgets cannot compete with big companies, which spend huge sums of money on advertising. For these small budget firms, sales promotion is a more cost-effective promotion method to produce sales results. 7. Trade Has Become More Powerful: At present time Retailers and wholesalers have became more powerful and demand extra facility from company to promote their product. Company has no other alternative. Besides these there are also various kind reason such as Excess Stocks, Impulse Buying Is Increasing, Sales Promotions Maximize Profits etc. Promotion Strategies: Promotional strategy is mostly run to change consumers behavior, to increase brand image, to increase profit, to increase sale of various good. There are mostly two kind of sale promotion, one is directed toward consumer and other one is directed toward trade such as dealer, supplier, retailer etc. Consumer sale promotion tool: there are a lot of promotional tool used to increase sale. Consumer sale promotion is directed toward consumer. It stimulate consumer to purchase their product rapidly. There are a lot of tool that are as follow: Price deal: Price deal is temporary reduction in price of product. There are two type of deal: one is buy in bulk and second is extra quantity. Coupon: A coupon is typically a printed certificate giving the bearer a stated price reduction or special value on a specific product, generally for a specific period. Various company issue various kind of coupon that contain various discount price , customer get the advantage of this discount and get chips at free of cost. Offer: There are various kind of offers given by various chips industry. For example buy 2 chips and get 1 free. or buy 3 and pay for 2. That types of schemes provided by the chips industries. Premium: sometime various companies like Lays, kurkure etc. offer some gift inside the chips packet or at bargain price to encourage customer buying. Sampling: Some companies when launch a new taste of chips in the market, before the launching, sample of chips is to be taste in the market. If that sample is being liked by the peoples then it launch in the market. Advertising Specialities: Advertising specialities also call a promotional product. It mostly given to our loyal customers. It includes various card like birthday card, New Year card. It is mostly done to retain old customer. And this cards is provide to retailers for the customers. Trade sale promotion tool: Objectives of Trade Sales Promotion: Gain/maintain distribution Influence resellers to promote product Influence resellers to offer price discount Increase reseller inventory Defend against competitors Avoid reduction of normal prices There are various sale promotion tools that stimulate trade to promote company product. There are a lot of trade sale promotion tools some are as discussed below: Trade Allowances: Trade allowances are short-term special allowances, discounts, or deals granted to resellers to stimulate reseller to rapid purchase of their product. Point-of-Purchase Display: Point-of-purchase displays are generally used at the retail level to call customer attention to a featured product. In this company employees observe every retail shop and those retail shop that display more company product will be winner of special gift or prizes. Trade Shows: A trade show is periodic, semi periodic public event at which supplier displays their chips product and provides information about chips quality and price to buyers. After implementing these different techniques of sale promotion we monitor result and evaluate these by comparing with objective set before implementation of plan. Public relation Public relation is nothing but creating a favorable relation for organization and product which is done through used of various communication channel and tool. So public relation is mostly done to improve the image of company and build good image in customers mind. So public relation may be define as â€Å"Public Relations is a set of management, supervisory, and technical functions that foster an organizations ability to strategically listen to, appreciate, and respond to those persons whose mutually beneficial relationships with the organization are necessary if it is to achieve its missions and values. Objective: like other aspect of marketing, public relation is also used to address several broad aspect of marketing like: Building Product Awareness When introducing a new product or relaunching an existing product, marketers can use a PR element that generates consumer attention and awareness through media placements and special events. Creating Interest: Public Relation create public interest to used the product at least for once time. Providing Information: Through the Public relation we can provide a lot of information about company activity and their product feature and service provided by company. This information is delivered to public through newspaper, article website, collateral material; PR helps in delivering information that helps to public in understanding the product feature. Stimulating Demand: A positive article in a newspaper, on TV, news show or mentioned on the Internet, often results in a discernable increase in product sales. Reinforcing the Brand: In many companies like lays, kurkure company the public relations function is also involved with brand reinforcement by maintaining positive relationships with key audiences, and thereby aiding in building a strong image. Direct Marketing Direct marketing is business of selling company product directly to customers through mail order, telephone, fax, e-mails, or web selling, rather than through retailers. Objective: There are mostly to objective for which direct marketing is carried out these are as follow: Convert not user to user. It is mostly done to obtain new client. The identification of new potential clients is very crucial when it comes to recruit new prospects and transformed them into your clients. The perpetual loyalty of customers. A loyal consumer cost less than new customers. Strategy: Various chips industry like Lays, kurkure involved in direct marketing to get more market share. These companies sent a mail-order catalog to approximately prospective customers. 100-page catalog, developed in-house, targets childrens, men and women and also contains 10 pages devoted to home products. There are various tools for direct marketing these are as : Direct mail, Telemarketing, Email Marketing ,faxing, Voicemail, Couponing, Direct response television marketing. Measuring and Evaluate the Planning process: Reason for measuring IMC performance: There are various reason, due to which it became more necessary to measure performance of IMC. These reasons are as follow: Since a lot of money is required for advertisement and promotion and other marketing activity. So it became necessary to evaluate whether such invest generate any return or not. After measuring the performance it became able to understand where I am. So it help in choosing the most effective alternative. We carried out IMC performance evaluation to eliminate unproductive strategy. It also helps in estimating whether objectives are achieved or not. Evaluation of IMC planning process: Evaluation of an IMC plan is not easy because often communications effects are difficult to measure. At times they may not even have a direct impact on sales or profitability; effects may be delayed, etc. Therefore it is important to set the objective or â€Å"standards for measuring performance† in specific, measurable terms to make the evaluation possible. After doing all these now its time to evaluate the performance, the performance is satisfactory as they have imagined because its quit difficult to enter into the chips industry but after this they have achieved their objectives and satisfy their customer by providing the new taste with reasonable price, different flavors, and ingredients. Manager has to measure the actual performance either through consumer surveys or sales figure. Sales have been increasing day by day. Their market share also increased. Brand image is increasing because their strategies are up to the mark so they got success to satisfy their customer towards their new product Manager got to know these outcomes by comparing actual performance with set standards of new product. These steps also helped out to take further decision or plans.

Terrorism, Peace and Diversity :: September 11 Terrorism Essays

Terrorism, Peace and Diversity    Acts of terrorism underscore the urgent need to promote peace. Yet, this is also an opportunity to promote diversity. Indeed, peace and diversity are related.    --It is a good time to look at ripple effects and connections.    --More than 1/3 of the people killed in the World Trade Center on September 11 were not Americans. They were citizens of 70-80 other countries. Hundreds were Muslims.    --More than 40% of residents of New York City are foreign-born.    --The dead and missing and 6,000+ treated at hospitals in New York City, and several hundred more at the Pentagon and in the Pennsylvania crash, have families and friends--if each one has only 10 family and 10 friends, that's 250,000 people directly connected to the injuries and deaths, in shock and mourning for their personal loss and grief--but of course the number is much larger. If there was a funeral every day, it would be 20 years of going to funerals.    --Many Americans apparently do not know about the differences between Muslim and Hindu, or Arab and Muslim, not to mention Sikh and Coptic Christian, much less between terrorist and fellow-citizen. Many do not make any distinctions, do not care about making distinctions.    --Americans are notoriously bad at knowing geography and languages, cultures and religions. Now, the situation cannot be understood without knowing about Kashmir, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and Iraq, for starters, not to mention the internal conflict in Afghanistan, the nuclear bomb tests by India and Pakistan, and how the United States, the largest weapons dealer in the world, provided missiles to the Mujaheddin in the Afghan war against the Soviet Union that some people fear may be used against the U.S.    --I recall the corporate audiences in New Jersey who told me that more than 20% of Americans are Jews. The correct figure is 2-3%. Many African-Americans, part of a group that is 13% of the population, do not recognize Jews as a minority group. There are about 3.5 million Arab Americans and about 3-5 million Muslims (there's no accurate count) in the USA. Should it matter how large or small a group is to be covered by the Bill of Rights, by basic American principles?    I think we should volunteer to be resource people in local schools.

Devotee Autoethnography ::

Devotee Autoethnography Eyes closed on cherubic faces of holy devotion, chanting Hindu gibberish to wheezing harmoniums, clanging tambourines, untuned guitars, rattles, bells, sticks, and perhaps a vigorous but poorly-rehearsed set of tablas†¦ â€Å"She’s a breather,† they say, either in friendliness to jest, or patronizingly to criticize. And usually, not much evidence is revealed to complicate the minimized label. â€Å"Well, basically, we get together, breathe, and then sing a little bit.† This is usually the line into which I condense my participation in The Art of Living—to cram it into a nut shell, and to present it as outsiders would be likely to perceive it if spying from a fly’s perch. My own introduction to this culture happened slowly, and not too long ago, so I still feel the tension of sliding into an unknown community as an outsider, and still experience hesitation describing the group to others for fear of bad reactions or scathing judgment. I think it has much to do with the big, bad g-word. When people, especially in independence-loving USA, hear the word â€Å"guru,† an oozing blanket of mistrust, disgust, and dismissal creeps up from the nether regions of media consciousness and visions of kool-aid, snake-dancers, and comet-chasers seem to choke the life of any words possibly to follow. The g-word however, when followed—as is inevitable—by the c-word, often shuts out the possibility of following words all together. As my mother would say, â€Å"It smells like a cult to me.† Despite my adamant denials that I could be involved with anything remotely resembling a cult, the first time I realized that I was definitely a part o f this culture had to do with the chilling consideration that a cult was exactly what this was and, somehow.†¦I belonged to it. I had traveled from San Diego with a few members of my Art of Living family (as many grow accustomed to referring one another) to an â€Å"advanced course† in LA. Such a course is offered occasionally to graduates of the â€Å"introductory course†Ã¢â‚¬â€a six-day workshop of yoga postures, yogic breathing, and introspection. We knew not what to expect of this upcoming workshop, other than that it would be â€Å"challenging.† Perhaps our first taste of this manifested on the first evening, when we waded through seventy pairs of shoes piled at the entryway of a private house toward a living room crammed with the shoes’ owners. Devotee Autoethnography :: Devotee Autoethnography Eyes closed on cherubic faces of holy devotion, chanting Hindu gibberish to wheezing harmoniums, clanging tambourines, untuned guitars, rattles, bells, sticks, and perhaps a vigorous but poorly-rehearsed set of tablas†¦ â€Å"She’s a breather,† they say, either in friendliness to jest, or patronizingly to criticize. And usually, not much evidence is revealed to complicate the minimized label. â€Å"Well, basically, we get together, breathe, and then sing a little bit.† This is usually the line into which I condense my participation in The Art of Living—to cram it into a nut shell, and to present it as outsiders would be likely to perceive it if spying from a fly’s perch. My own introduction to this culture happened slowly, and not too long ago, so I still feel the tension of sliding into an unknown community as an outsider, and still experience hesitation describing the group to others for fear of bad reactions or scathing judgment. I think it has much to do with the big, bad g-word. When people, especially in independence-loving USA, hear the word â€Å"guru,† an oozing blanket of mistrust, disgust, and dismissal creeps up from the nether regions of media consciousness and visions of kool-aid, snake-dancers, and comet-chasers seem to choke the life of any words possibly to follow. The g-word however, when followed—as is inevitable—by the c-word, often shuts out the possibility of following words all together. As my mother would say, â€Å"It smells like a cult to me.† Despite my adamant denials that I could be involved with anything remotely resembling a cult, the first time I realized that I was definitely a part o f this culture had to do with the chilling consideration that a cult was exactly what this was and, somehow.†¦I belonged to it. I had traveled from San Diego with a few members of my Art of Living family (as many grow accustomed to referring one another) to an â€Å"advanced course† in LA. Such a course is offered occasionally to graduates of the â€Å"introductory course†Ã¢â‚¬â€a six-day workshop of yoga postures, yogic breathing, and introspection. We knew not what to expect of this upcoming workshop, other than that it would be â€Å"challenging.† Perhaps our first taste of this manifested on the first evening, when we waded through seventy pairs of shoes piled at the entryway of a private house toward a living room crammed with the shoes’ owners.

Critical Response- George Orwells Shooting And Elephant :: essays research papers

Critical Response Essay I class, we read a short story by George Orwell called Shooting an Elephant. It was a story about courage, judgment, and the pressure of peers. I personally did not like this story. I found it boring, pointless, and just another "hasn’t -this -happened -to -you" story about nothing. However, it was very well written, and if I had to critically respond to this story, I would praise the author on a number of things. The story opens by describing the relationship between the town and himself, a sort of sub-division police officer of the town. Description is definetly not lacking in the opening, as words such as "aimless", and "petty" are used to describe the town, and the way it treats it officers. It descriibes the kind of ignorance the town has to outsiders and anyone they do not "approve of". The story opens well, and clarifies right away, the who, what, where, when, why and how. No questions are asked and all confusions are quickly abolished. The second paragraph describes very vividly how he the narrator feels about his job choice, and his views on the village. He says "†¦I was stuck between my hatred of the empire I served and my rage against the evil-spirited little beasts who tried to make my job impossible". The narrator not only is in a place where he hates, but he also hates the people he works with, and works for! Wow, how’d he end up there? Basically, the story line goes along to tell the tale of an elephant that needs to be killed, because it got out of the zoo and endagers the community. The story describes how the main character feels about himself and the pressures of the community. A showdown climaxes the storyline between the elephant and the narrator, and the entire village is there to witness and entice the main character. Critical Response- George Orwells Shooting And Elephant :: essays research papers Critical Response Essay I class, we read a short story by George Orwell called Shooting an Elephant. It was a story about courage, judgment, and the pressure of peers. I personally did not like this story. I found it boring, pointless, and just another "hasn’t -this -happened -to -you" story about nothing. However, it was very well written, and if I had to critically respond to this story, I would praise the author on a number of things. The story opens by describing the relationship between the town and himself, a sort of sub-division police officer of the town. Description is definetly not lacking in the opening, as words such as "aimless", and "petty" are used to describe the town, and the way it treats it officers. It descriibes the kind of ignorance the town has to outsiders and anyone they do not "approve of". The story opens well, and clarifies right away, the who, what, where, when, why and how. No questions are asked and all confusions are quickly abolished. The second paragraph describes very vividly how he the narrator feels about his job choice, and his views on the village. He says "†¦I was stuck between my hatred of the empire I served and my rage against the evil-spirited little beasts who tried to make my job impossible". The narrator not only is in a place where he hates, but he also hates the people he works with, and works for! Wow, how’d he end up there? Basically, the story line goes along to tell the tale of an elephant that needs to be killed, because it got out of the zoo and endagers the community. The story describes how the main character feels about himself and the pressures of the community. A showdown climaxes the storyline between the elephant and the narrator, and the entire village is there to witness and entice the main character.

How Technological Advancements Have Shaped Social Media Essay

There is no question that technological advancements have shaped the way we carry out our daily lives . There is almost no escaping it. We rely on our cellphones and laptops for nearly everything. Face-to-face social interactions and confrontations are becoming scarce as technology allows teenagers and young adults to hide behind their phones and computers. Young adults, especially high school and college students, need direct social skills to work on group projects in the classroom or to give a good impression in a job interview. I have found oral communication skills to be a vital part of my University degree as it has helped me with various job interviews and presentations. The positive impacts of advancements in technology in terms of social progress are mostly rooted in connection and accessibility. These advancements have allowed the possibility to make new friends or find and connect with long lost friends or relatives. One can easily check in on another and have video chats with the click of an icon whether it be on your laptop or your cell phone using applications such as Facetime. Today many people link their social networking pages and email to their phones so they never miss a beat. The negative effects are due to the fact that people tend to experience less face-to-face interaction in favor of the ability to communicate over the internet or on cell phones (texting). The drawback is that sometimes people use these things as a replacement for in-person relationships. All too often you hear people saying â€Å"Text me† or â€Å"Facebook me†. Internet social interactions also often lead to misunderstandings. With messaging occurring via text or email, connotation and tone are often lost and it is easy for people to misunderstand each other. It is easier for people to become offended this way and can cause problems in relationships. It is evident that technology has really influenced the dynamics of social progress. Only time will tell how it will evolve but I personally believe the pro’s far outweigh the cons. One thing that is for sure is that online social interaction is not going to stop anytime soon.

Teamwork, Collaboration, and Conflict Resolution

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Newscorp strategic planning process model

NewsCorp (News Corporation) is a public company which is listed on the Australian and New York Stock Exchange. The corporation is also listed as a secondary listing on the London Stock Exchange. Newscorp was formerly incorporated in South Australia, and after a majority of the company’s shareholders approved relocation, Newscorp was re-incorporated in Delaware, in the United States on the 12th of November, 2004. Newscorp has its headquarters in New York, at 1211 Avenue of the Americas (Sixth Ave.), in the more modern 1960s-1970s corridor of the Rockefeller Center complex. I. HISTORICAL ANALYSIS Rupert Murdoch inherited assets in 1952, after his father died, and was able to create Newscorp was created in 1980, as a holding company for News Limited. Murdoch created news limited from assets he inherited in the year 1952 after his father, Sir Keith Murdoch died. A main asset left to him was the ownership of the Adelaide news. A. Businesses In: News corp. is today, to be one of the largest transnational media conglomerates on this planet. Its headquarters is in Sidney, Australia, almost every major parts of the world: United States, Continental Europe, Canada, Australia, United Kingdom, Latin America Asia etc covered by its global business operations including production and distribution of motion pictures and TV, Publication of newspaper, magazines and books. (http://www.courses.psu.edu/comm/comm497d_amh13/fall01/newscorp.html) In 1987, the company [through subsidiary news international] mad an adjustment in the production process of its British newspapers, something the printing union had long maintained a highly restrictive grip. Some numbers of senior Australian media moguls were brought into Murdoch’s powerhouse, including John Dux, who was the managing director of the south china morning post. This resulted to conflict with the printing unions NGA and SOGAT. When News international’s London operation was to whapping in the East End, it resulted to nightly battles outside the new plant. Delivery vans and depots were frequently and violently attacked, ultimately the union capitulated. In 1995, fox network was scrutinized by the federal communication commission [FCC] when it was alleged that its Australian base made Murdoch’s ownership of fox illegal. They however ruled in his favor stating that his ownership of fox was in the public’s best interest. It was also noted that the stations themselves were owned by a separate company whose chief shareholder was U.S. citizen Murdoch, nearly all of the stations’ equity was controlled by Newscorp. Newscorp announced a deal in the same year with MCI communication to develop a major website as well as launch the foxtel pay television network in Australia in   partnership with Telstra and publishing and broadcasting limited. In 1996, fox established the fox news channel, a 24hrs cable news station. In 1999, its music holding in Australia was significantly expanded by acquiring the controlling share in a leading Australian based label, Michael Gudinski’s mushroom records, merging it with already held festive records [FMR]. They were both managed by Rupert Murdoch’s son James Murdoch for several years. In late 2003, newsdorp acquired a 34% in Hughes direct TV from General Motors for electronic operations of the largest American TV system, $6billion. Newscorp reached an agreement in 2007 to purchase Dow Jones publications of the wall street journal for an estimated $ 5.6billion. On 15 Oct 2007, the corporation spun off a business news channel from fox news, fox business news. â€Å"Their lawyers reviewed all the details of the contract between Dow Jones and cnbc† said Alex Glock fox business news’s vice president and the channel’s morning anchor. But she added, â€Å"We will actively use the other Dow Jones properties†. (Alex Glock) B. Goal Clarification Making the most of Dow Jones: Cohen pointed to newscorp’s. past statement that it could realize $50million in cost savings, specific offers were demurred by chermin, saying we believe there are significant cost savings on the print side. â€Å"We would like to see the deal close before we offer any number or predications. In the broadcast terms, Dow Jones NYSE News .people revenue comes from two areas and one of those areas print, is under -leveraged.† (http://rate.forbes.com/comments/CommentServlet?op=cpage&sourcename=story&StoryURI=2007/09/17/newscorp-earnings-digital-tech-cx_pco_0917paidcontent.html) C. Strategies and Tactics fulfilling the Goals Annual conference: News Corporation always organizes an annual management conference, discussing media related issues to geopolitics. Those that attend include news corporation executives, senor journalist, politicians and celebrities. Cancun, Mexico, Australia, hosted such events. They were private and secretive, records are not available for the agenda neither were talks given at the conference and no uninvited journalist are permitted access. The 2006 event was in pebble beach California led by Rupert Murdoch, leaked copy of the agenda to the Los Angeles Times and other media accounts showed that issues discussed related from Europe to broadcasting and new media terrorism to the national policy. The event included speeches from Rupert Murdoch, former governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, Prime Minister Tony Blair, Bono, Al Gore, Hillary and Bill Clinton etc. D. Environmental Analysis News Corporation made its first acquisition in the United States in 1973 when it purchased the San Antonio Express- News and after founded the National Star, a supermarket tabloid and purchased the New York post in 1976. in 1981, it bought half the movie studio 20th century fox and the other half in 1984. In 1958, it announced it was buying the metro media group of stations, setting the stage for the launch of a fourth U.S broadcast network. In September 4 1985, Murdoch became a naturalized citizen to satisfy the legal requirement that only United States citizens could buy and own television stations. In 1986, the metro media deal closed and the fox broadcasting company was lauded. This network known and seen as â€Å"FOX† can now be picked up in over 96% of US household. In 1987, newscorp bought the Herald and Weekly Times ltd. In Australia the company that Rupert Murdoch’s father had once managed. By 1991, newscorp had amassed Hugh debt which forced it to sell many of the American magazine interest it had acquired in the 1980s. Much of this debt came from its stake in the sky television satellite network in the uk, which incurred massive losses in its early years of operation which was subsidized with profits heavily from other of its holdings until it forced its rival to accept a merger on its terms in 1990. The merger company BSKYB has dominated the British pay- TV market since. E. Competitive Analysis News Corporation. [NYSE: NWS, NWSA, ASX: NWS, NWSLV.] As at December 2007, News Corp had total assets of approximately US $69billion and total revenue of $31billion. They are diversified in their entertainment with operations in eight industries segments: television, filmed entertainment, cable network programmes, direct broadcast satellite television, magazines and inserts etc. newscorp activities are conducted in the United States, Continental Europe, UK, Australia and Pacific Basin. F. Strengths and Weaknesses of the organization News Corp’s revenue for the year ended as at June 30, 2007 was $28.655billion with operating income of $4.452billion. â€Å"This does not include newscorp’s minority shares of the revenue from direct TV and British sky broadcasting, almost 70% of the company’s sales is from its U.S. business.† (http://www.newscorp.com/investor/investments.html) References Alex Glock http://www.courses.psu.edu/comm/comm497d_amh13/fall01/newscorp.html http://www.newscorp.com/investor/investments.html http://rate.forbes.com/comments/CommentServlet?op=cpage&sourcename=story&StoryURI=2007/09/17/newscorp-earnings-digital-tech-cx_pco_0917paidcontent.html http://www.hofstra.edu/Libraries/Axinn/axinn_jnstructions_busres_bzhmpage.cfm http://www.newscorp.com/Report2007/AnnualReport2007/HTML2/news_corp_ar2007_0069.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_Corporation http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/business/news/e3i729f8835496e3ace5be346c06e9db2f7 http://www.news.com.au/business/story/0,23636,22617852-14334,00.html http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960821-2,00.html http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960821-3,00.html http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/news/e3i118a16d2ff59590bd77181d8da9c9fb9 Fox Business makes TV debut, Hollywood Reporter, 16 October 2007. Accessed: 10-17-2007 Fox Business Network blazes new trail, USA Today, 14 October 2007. Accessed: 10-17-2007. Fox Business: Fluff meets financial, Toronto Globe and Mail, 16 October 2007. Accessed: 10-17-2007. http://www.theage.com.au/news/BUSINESS/News-Corp-Murdoch-trust-sells-shares/2007/11/16/1194766914058.html â€Å"Murdoch's son sees pay doubled ahead of exit† http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=5248387077652418022&q=alwaleed&hl=en Kercheval, Nancy and Danielle Rossingh. â€Å"News Corp. to Sell U.S. TV Stations for $1.1 Billion (Update5)†, Bloomberg.com, 2007-12-22. Retrieved on 2007-12-22. â€Å"Murdoch's Pebble Beach shindig†, Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved on 2007-12-01. â€Å"Bono and Blair to join Murdoch on the beach†, Guardian. Retrieved on 2007-12-01. â€Å"The PM, the mogul and the secret agenda†, Guardian. Retrieved on 2007-12-01. FCC, (2001). FCC Approves Fox/Chris-Craft Merger with Conditions, FCC 01-209 www.fcc.gov Fox Entertainment Group, (2001). Annual Report www.fox.com Hoovers, (2001). Profile on News Corp. www.hoovers.com Hoovers, (2001). Profile on Fox Entertainment Group www.hoovers.com Hoovers, (2001). September 11 Consequences, www.hoovers.com, downloaded on 11/29/01. Hoovers, (2001). News Corporation Reports Double Digit Film Operating Income Growth in First Quarter, www.hoovers.com, downloaded on 11/29/01. News Corporation Inc. (2001). Annual Report www.newscorp.com News Corporation Inc. (2001). Executive Management www.newscorp.com/management/ The Star (2001). Murdoch says 50:50 chance to win Hughes, www.hoovers.com Valueline (2001). Profile on News Corp. www.valueline.com