Sociology Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sociology Assignment - Essay Example It also shows that people find beauty in products of mixed races. Nicole Scherzinger, is an example of a popular celebrity who is a product of mixed race. Speaking of celebrities, Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie have a multiracial family not by natural ways but by adoption. And since this is world wide, it is safe to assume that the conditions, the issues, and situations these mixed race families, also known as multiracial families, are similar in most cases. I have chosen an article from Family Magazine Los Angeles entitled Finding Ways to Share Ethnic Differences in Multi-Racial Families as a representation of the family. This is how I see families – multi-racial, multi-cultural, dynamic and unique. The article discusses the challenges that multi-racial families face in the society and shares some ways to cope with these challenges as well. This paper in turn will show my analysis of the family as I see it through multi-racial families. First the paper discusses the definition of family and how it has changed through time and then analyze the family’s characteristics and show why families are multi-racial, multi-cultural, dynamic and unique. Today’s society’s definition of family has changed from how different societies from different eras define families. Before, issues of survival, economics, and politics has dictated how people form families. At present, there are existing laws and cultural practices that also dictate how families are formed. These practices and these dictates have changed all through the centuries. Several factors have affected these practices and beliefs and some identified factors have led to the current state of families today. Divorce has been prevalent thereby expanding the members of the family to siblings from ex-spouses, ex-parents and new parents. Single parenthood as a result of teen pregnancies has also changed the definition of family life because normally family is composed of a father,

Accounting-Financial Statements Essay Example for Free

Accounting-Financial Statements Essay Introduces the four financial statementsIncome Statement, Statement of Retained Earnings, Balance Sheet, and Statement of Cash Flows. Accounting as the language of business is discussed along with an introduction of the various users of accounting information. Financial and Managerial accounting are compared. The four ways to organize a business – proprietorship, partnership, limited – liability company, and corporation, are discussed. An introduction and contrast of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) is done. The Entity Assumption, Continuity (Going Concern) Assumption, Historical Cost Principle, and Stable – Monetary – Unit Assumption are explained. The accounting equation – Assets = Liabilities + Stockholder’s Equity is presented along with definitions and explanations of each component of the equation. A detail presentation of each of the four previously mentioned financial statements is given. Each account classification of the financial statements – assets, liabilities, stockholder’s equity, revenue, and expenses are thoroughly explained and examples of common account titles used are given. The process of evaluating a company through the use of the financial statements is shown. A discussion of business ethics in accounting decisions is done. An end of chapter summary problem emphasizes the preparation as well as understanding of the financial statements. An accounting vocabulary section explains all the new accounting terms. The End of Chapter Access Your Progress allows the student to determine how well he grasped the information presented in the chapter. Traditional exercises and problems solidify the student’s understanding of the material. Teaching Outline . Define a. Financial Accounting b. Managerial Accounting c. Contrast Financial and Managerial Accounting 2. Describe the users of financial information: a. Individuals b. Business Managers c. Investors d. Creditors e. Government Regulatory Agencies f. Taxing Authorities g. Nonprofit Organizations h. Other Organizations 3. Explain a. Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) i. Generally Accepted Account ing Principles (GAAP) b. International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) i. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) c. Compare GAAP and IFRS 4. Define and discuss Accounting Principles, Assumptions and Concepts a. Entity Assumption b. Continuity (Going Concern) Assumption c. Historical Cost Principle d. Stable Monetary Unit Assumption 5. Introduce the Accounting Equation a. Define and discuss common account titles: i. Assets ii. Liabilities iii. Stockholder’s Equity b. Define and discuss common account titles; i. Revenue ii. Expense iii. Retained Earnings c. Discuss Paid in Capital and Dividends 6. Explain and Prepare the Financial Statements a. Income Statement b. Statements of Retained Earnings c. Balance Sheet d. Statement of Cash Flows 7. Use Financial Statements to evaluate business performance a. Explain the relationship among the financial statements 8. Ethics in Business and Accounting Decisions a. The role of judgment in making decisions b. Economic factors c. Legal factors d. Ethical factors Key Topics The financial statements are actually reports on how well or poorly a business performed during a specified period of time. Chapter one actually presents the four basic financial statements and other relevant information that is needed to adequately prepare the financial statements. First one must understand that the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) develops the rules and guidelines in the United States that must be adhered to in preparing the financial statements. These guidelines are known as the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) develops the international financial reporting standards (IFRS) which are the international or global standards. Exhibit 1-3 gives an overview of the joint conceptual framework of accounting developed by the FASB and the IASB. However, the SEC announced that it will soon require all American companies to adopt the IFRS. This adoption is currently slated to begin the initial phase in 2014 with all companies on board by 2016. The adoption of the IFRS by all American companies will facilitate the process of comparing financial statements of like industries globally. Also, it will eliminate the need of many companies to prepare several sets of financial statements. Accounting is often labeled as the language of business and there are external as well as internal users of accounting information. Individuals, investors and creditors, regulatory bodies as well as nonprofit organizations are just some of the noted users of the accounting information. The accounting information is expected to be accurate as well as timely in order to satisfy the need of the users. There are two different types of accounting that is needed by the users. They are Financial Accounting and Managerial Accounting. Financial Accounting primarily provides information to the external users and managerial primarily serves the internal users. This information is used in each and every type of business organization. There is the sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability company, and the corporation. Each of these businesses differs as far as the form of ownership and other accounting details however, each is dependent on accurate and timely information in order to operate at the optimum level. There are some key accounting principles, assumptions, and concepts used in adequately preparing the accounting records. The first one discussed in this chapter is the assumption entity. This is the underlying assumption, which can be taken by the users of the financial statements, that a business is a separate economic entity. Each business is treated as a separate and distinct entity to enable the accountant to adequately measure the financial performance of the business. The Continuity (Going Concern) Assumption is also discussed here. This is the assumption that the business will continue to exist long enough to use the existing assets for their intended purpose. If the business does intend to continue to operate and employ the assets as intended, it does not have to be disclosed in the financial statements. However, if there is an intention not to continue to operate it must be disclosed somewhere in the financial statements. The Historical Cost Principle is presented such that one will understand that actual cost is used as the valuing system for all accounting transactions. Actual cost is verifiable as well as unbiased and therefore used to insure that the accounting records are prepared in a relevant as well as reliable manner. The Stable Monetary Unit Assumption is also presented in this chapter. This is the assumption that the purchase power of a dollar does not fluctuate. That is, one can purchase the same amount with a dollar today that he/she could a year ago. This assumption allows the accountant to ignore inflation and add or subtract dollars from varying years without adjusting for inflation. This is sometimes difficult for students to understand because they have seen inflation as well as lagging economies however, the professor can assure the student that if needed there is a system developed to reliably compare statements from varying years. That system, however, is taught in upper level accounting courses. After developing an understanding of this material the student is then introduced to the Accounting Equation. That is: Assets = Liabilities + Owners’ Equity. It is imperative that the student understand the importance that this equation plays in preparing the financial statements. This equation presents the resources of a company as well as the claims on those resources. One must also note that this equation must be kept in balance at all times. Assets are presented as economic resources of the entity that are expected to be of future benefit. These resources have two types of claims against them: liabilities – outside claims and owners’ equity – insider claims. See exhibit 1-4 to help present the fact that the two sides must equal. The influence on stockholders’ equity by, paid-in capital, and retained earnings must be explained. Also, the manner in which revenue, expenses and dividends effect retained earnings should be explained. Remember to stress that dividends do not affect net income. They are not subtracted from revenue to determine the net income. Rather, they are subtracted from retained earnings. The financial statements are now to be presented. The Income Statement is the also referred to as the statement of operations because it measures the operating performance. It reports the revenues earned as well as the expenses incurred during a specified period of time. The expenses are subtracted from the revenue to determine the net income/loss for the accounting period. Net income is said to be the single most important item in the financial statements. The Statement of Retained Earnings is prepared after the Income Statement because the net income/loss from the Income Statement is needed to prepare the Statement of Retained Earnings. Retained earnings are simply the portion of the net income that the company has kept in the business. The Statement of Retained Earnings shows the changes that occurred in the retained earnings during the accounting period. Be sure to note that the net income is added to the beginning retained earning balance and the dividends are subtracted in order to determine the ending retained earnings balance. The Balance Sheet is prepared after the Statement of Retained Earnings because the ending retained earnings balance is needed to prepare the Balance Sheet. Statement of Financial Position is another name given to the Balance Sheet because it actually measures the financial position of a company. This statement reports on the assets, liabilities, and stockholders’ equity of a company. A good way to help the students understand the information given by the Balance Sheet is to tell them that it gives a quick snapshot view of the financial status of the company on one day. That day is generally the end of the accounting period. The sum of the assets is expected to equal the sum of the liabilities and the stockholders’ equity. See exhibit 1-9. The Statement of Cash Flow measures the cash receipts and payments. This statement reports on cash flows from three major activities: operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities. The net increase/decrease in cash from these three activities is then determined and added to the beginning cash balance to get the ending cash balance. In the financial statement conclusions it is important make sure the students know the purpose of each financial statement. It is also important that the students know the order of preparation as well as the formulas for each financial statement. Good business requires decision making, which in turn requires the exercise of good judgment. Making good judgments in business in general and accounting in particular should take into account not only economic, but legal and ethical dimensions as well. The last section of the chapter presents an ethical decision making model that is used consistently throughout the rest of the book. Use of the model emphasizes that good decisions are not always based just on the basis of how much money a company can make immediately.

The Theme of War in Fool’s Sanctuary :: Fool’s Sanctuary

The Theme of War in Fool’s Sanctuary One of the themes that Jennifer Johnston deals with in her book Fool’s Sanctuary is war. Within this theme she looks at how people view war, and how war affects different people. In this book Johnston shows the war in a bad light. Miranda, Mr. Martin and Cathal all support the IRA, or believed in a "free" Ireland and all lost something important to them. Andrew and Harry who were fighting against the IRA , and thought that Ireland should not be free had nothing that was very important to them taken away. Although Andrew was basically unable to visit his immediate family again he had not done so in years before, and in this visit where the story takes place he had arguments with his father, Miranda said that he should not have come, and he himself said that he hated Ternon. Cathal is the most rational character at Ternon. Unlike the other characters he sees things for what they are and does not try to hide from the mistakes he does not want to face up to. The main fault in his character lies in the way the he does not always think ahead, or at least not until it is too late. This is shown when he comes back from telling the IRA about Andrew and Harry staying at Ternon and stands outside thinking about whether or not he should tell them what he has done. In the end Cathal owned up to his mistake. As well as showing his strong conscience it also showed that he does not let emotions influence his judgement and values. While standing out in the rain he was Harry comforting Miranda. He could well have taken this as being something more than what it was and let the IRA come and kill Andrew and Harry. Cathal’s conscience is shown to be really strong, and it is the reason that he was able to give up his life. The way that Cathal changed his mind about what was the right thing to do shows the irrationality of the war. Cathal supports the war strongly enough to be a member of the IRA, and it was this loyalty that led him to tell them about Andrew and Harry. When he changed his mind and told Andrew and Harry about what he had done it showed Cathal’s love for people.

Program Improvement Opportunities

Program Evaluation Opportunities Locating program strengths and weaknesses are areas in which a system of collective information about a programs activities, characteristics, and outcomes provides opportunity for program improvements. An evaluation process raises questions such as is the program planned to meet the desired goals, for example, meeting the needs of the target population if any inclusive to the program. Monitoring the program and raising questions regarding the progress of program implementation and the consequences of the program not being implemented as intended. Assessing the impact of a program, for example, goal effectiveness, valuable lessons, and unanticipated effects adhere to providing opportunities for program improvements. Program evaluations can improve a program by eliminating flaws in which cause weaknesses such as, inadequate staff training. Program evaluations can assist program managers in refining and improving their program with a description of how the program is functioning. Program evaluations are especially informative in reference to funder perspectives from collective information regarding program costs, cost effectiveness, and future costs. In conclusion, in order for any to program to be successful there are many types of evaluations and processes any director has to go through in order for the program to be successful within any community. The funders will raise questions if the funding organization feels certain questions are not answered. These questions can include how the director of the program plans on addressing the targeted populations’ constant need for services and if the director plans on upgrading any of the programs services it has already been providing to the surrounding community and the targeted population. By doing this any and all programs can be very successful throughout the entire existence of the program or organization. References Yuen, F. & Terao, K. (2003). Practical grant writing & program evaluation. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole—Thomson Learning.

Agile Electric

Automaker a large multinational auto component manufacturer headquartered in North America with plants worldwide. It supplied complete systems to many car manufacturers globally. This particular project was the first time that it had supplied components to MOM. Automaker was looking forward for more business form MOM if this was successful. Due to increasing cost In the United States, Automaker was on a lookout for global low-cost source. During Its search It came across Agile In India and sent Its technical team to assess this potential supplier.The team was satisfied with the facility and approved It as Its supplier of motors to Automaker. As Eagles quality and delivery performance was good. In 2002 Automaker awarded a business for a new product which was not In Eagle's existing product portfolio. A team was deputed to work with Agile to setup the manufacturing line to produce the product as per Automates requirement. The launch was successful and Agile continued to deliver Zero d efects or delivery defaults. Based on previous track record Agile was selected to supply new actuator assembly and they had no experience in this.As done earlier, Automaker is not deputing any engineers to work with Agile. They accept to process the in house parts. For critical components Agile approach Automaker for support as they no idea on the parts. Agile recommends ESP. who was also an existing supplier to them. The Automaker team audited ESP. and gave a go-ahead to ESP. with some gaps to be addressed. ESP. recommended BILL for supplying of PC. Automaker agreed as BILL was an ISO 9000 certified company. After auditing the recommended some gaps and gave a go-ahead for development. ProblemThere were a failure reported by the Ford which seemed to originate from the actuator assembly supplied by Agile. Automaker asked Agile to investigate the problem and report on root cause of the problem. In 2009 Automaker deputes its Process expert to work on the problem. After series of experi ments and trials which located the problem as originating from the board shearing operations at Agile. This problem was not being detected at the final testing as there was no test that checked for shearing force. List of Key protagonists and their role.Surest Kumar, vice -president of Operations Agile Raja Reedy, Chief Executive Officer, Tom Smith, Supplier Quality Manager John Arthur, Purchasing Manager James Roach, SMS process Expert Possible alternatives Automaker should have maintained supplier scorecard to monitor the quality, telling and delivery of Its suppliers. Proper training need to be Imparted before awarding any new project which has no expertise. Work need to be supervised on a regular basis. If any gaps is found in the process need to make sure that it is corrected before asking a go-ahead. This was successful.Due to increasing cost in the United States, Automaker was on a lookout for global low-cost source. During its search it came across Agile in India and sent it s technical team to assess this potential supplier. The team was satisfied with the facility and approved it as its supplier of motors to Automaker. As Eagle's quality product which was not in Eagle's existing product portfolio.

animals essays

animals essays Everything startde in 1969; Members were part of the Dont make a wave committee in vancouver. This committee was founded by Jim Bohlen. He was a forty-three year old American and was a composite-materials researcher. Another founder of the committee was Irving Stowe; he was a Philadelphia lawyer. A jew who had joined the Quaker religion. Paul Cote, a canadian lawyer in his mid twenties who had just gotten out of shool when he joined the committee. During this year, the United States had chosen to test its nuclear arsenal in Amchtka, which is a small island off the west cost of alaska. This was a home for many animals including eagles, falcons, endangered sea otters,etc... These three men decided to produce means to end nuclear testing in Amchitka.Next they decided to sail a boat theyd name it Greenpeace because they wanted the earth to be green and yhey wanted peace. It was Bill Darnell who came upwith that name. Suddenly, more peaple joined the commitee to stop nuclear testing in Amchitka, including Terry Simmons, a cultural geographer. Bohlen and Stowe were attracting journalist, columnist, writer, anyone who had somthing to do in the media. It took them two years to get them ready for their journey towards justice for a land. Bohlen and cote were in charge of fiding a boat. Meanwhile, Stowe took care of fiding the money. He used contacts from the United States; he was a very serious man and did everything possible to get the money they needed, he even organized a benefit concert which made seventeen thousand dollars. The first boat they found Phylis Cormack was first seen as old and used that wasnt going to be capable of sailing to Amchitka, so they werent sure of using this boat; it would carry twelve crew members and the trip would last six weeks. During this year the Dont Make a Wave committee changed their ...

Cashless Society1 essays

Cashless Society1 essays One article that caught my attention recently was one presented in the November 21, 1998 issue of The Economist. The article was about a cashless society and how well alternative forms of tender were catching on. According to the article, some forms of the "smart card" haven't caught on as well as expected. Smart cards have information embedded in them, essentially allowing a consumer to purchase things quickly and conveniently. It was the hope that these cards would supplant paper and coin money forever. However, that has not been the case. Smart cards do exits, however. In the article, it is mentioned that smart cards with chips embedded in them allowed a customer to quickly swipe the card through the reader. Thirty-two cents is then deducted. Simple and easy, right? Well, it hasn't caught on. One of the main reasons that smart cards have struggled a bit is that it has competition in the form of current debit cards. People can purchase anything they desire with these cards already. Therefore, there wouldn't be any added value of having a debit card. A survey of 2,400 North Americans by Smart Card Forum gives some interesting results. According to the survey, more than three-quarters would have liked to have a card that stored vital medical and car-related information. Less than half wanted a card that they could use to purchase things with. Another problem facing smart cards is compatibility. Current smart cards utilize only on a small range of readers. For example, a smart card for parking meters in Boston would not work for ones in New York. And since local governments control those areas of jurisdiction, it has to take a national effort to make it work. This means that the U.S. government must implement and lead the way. When this happens, then we will truly see the fall of paper and coin money. ...

Law of Multiple Alleles

Law of Multiple Alleles Multiple alleles is a type of non-Mendelian inheritance pattern that involves more than just the typical two alleles that usually code for a certain characteristic in a species. With multiple alleles, that means there are more than two phenotypes available depending on the dominant or recessive alleles that are available in the trait and the dominance pattern the individual alleles follow when combined together. Gregor Mendel only studied traits in his pea plants that showed simple or complete dominance and had only two alleles that could contribute to any one trait the plant showed. It wasnt until later that it was discovered that some traits can have more than two alleles that code for their phenotypes. This allowed many more phenotypes to be visible for any given trait while still following Mendels Laws of Inheritance. Most of the time, when multiple alleles come into play for a trait, there is a mix of types of dominance patterns that occur. Sometimes, one of the alleles is completely recessive to the others and will be masked by any of those that are dominant to it. Other alleles may be co-dominant together and show their traits equally in the phenotype of the individual. There are also some cases where some alleles exhibit incomplete dominance when put together in the genotype. An individual with this type of inheritance connected to its multiple alleles will show a blended phenotype that mixes both of the alleles traits together. Examples of Multiple Alleles The human ABO blood type is a good example of multiple alleles. Humans can have red blood cells that are of type A (IA), type B (IB), or type O (i). These three different alleles can be combined in different ways following Mendels Laws of Inheritance. The resulting genotypes make either type A, type B, type AB, or type O blood. Type A blood is a combination of either two A alleles (IA IA) or one A allele and one O allele (IAi). Similarly, type B blood is coded for by either two B alleles (IB IB) or one B allele and one O allele (IBi). Type O blood can only be obtained with two recessive O alleles (ii). These are all examples of simple or complete dominance. Type AB blood is an example of co-dominance. The A allele and the B allele are equal in their dominance and will be expressed equally if they are paired together into the genotype IA IB. Neither the A allele or the B allele is dominant over each other, so each type is expressed equally in the phenotype giving the human an AB blood type.

Ethical Issue. Should a nurse have authorization from the hospital to Article

Ethical Issue. Should a nurse have authorization from the hospital to assist a lucid and competent patient in writing a will. Discuss the pros - Article Example Five key themes emerged from the data. Findings suggest that both professions perceive primary educational roles, though their informational practices differed in content. The professionals reported differential pathways that led to their practices with patients. Both disciplines identified advocacy roles with families and providers. The practitioners reported distinct roles with families. There was mutual recognition of interdisciplinary roles. The findings suggest that nurses and social workers engage in both parallel and complementary advance care planning practices with their patients. Common wisdom holds that choice decisions are based on conscious deliberations of the available information about choice options. On the basis of recent insights about unconscious influences on information processing, we tested whether automatic mental associations of undecided individuals bias future choices in a manner such that these choices reflect the evaluations implied by earlier automatic associations. With the use of a computer-based, speeded categorization task to assess automatic mental associations (i.e., associations that are activated unintentionally, difficult to control, and not necessarily endorsed at a conscious level) and self-report measures to assess consciously endorsed beliefs and choice preferences, automatic associations of undecided participants predicted changes in consciously reported beliefs and future choices over a period of 1 week. Conversely, for decided participants, consciously reported beliefs predicted changes in automatic associations and future choices over the same period. These results indicate that decision-makers sometimes have already made up their mind at an unconscious level, even when they consciously indicate that they are still undecided. Twenty retrospective patient case studies were collated in an acute care teaching hospital using a case note audit and in addition interviews were

RSPCA Royal Society for the Protection of Cruelty to Animals Essay

RSPCA Royal Society for the Protection of Cruelty to Animals - Essay Example Marketing is all about understanding the customers and of finding ways and means to for providing product or service as per his requirements (Sandhusen 2000). Marketing is a highly misunderstood word. It is not tactics or methods of getting customers to buy a company’s product or services. That is advertisement or promotions. It is a conscious effort to analyze and understand what is needed and trying to fulfill this need. Marketing is about understanding the stakeholders. It is highly relevant to investigate what each stakeholder contributes in terms of the product, quality, service deliveries and pricing. Marketing is also about knowledge of your own company and its capability of delivering a product or service and managing its resources and competencies in that direction. But above all, Marketing is all about customers. Their behavior and attitude towards buying a product is of paramount importance. Their needs and wants and their likes and dislikes are decisive factors and purchase decisions depend on these issues. It is the understanding of these factors that will develop a marketing strategy. Therefore Marketing is all about understanding the customers and of finding ways and means to for providing product or service as per his requirements. Marketers have adopted a variety of means to persuade customers, foremost among them being advertisement, promotion, publicity and public relations. However unless a proper commutation channel is established the efforts will go in vain. Advertising and promotions both need effective communication to produce successful results. Kotler et al (1996) have pointed out persuasive communication is designed to stimulate a pre-defined response from consumers and advertisers use this ploy to gain advantage over susceptible consumers. This can be done using various methods like â€Å"mass media advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, direct mail and point-of-sale merchandising† (Kitchen

PSYCHOLOGY paper, Mood disorder, Male B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

PSYCHOLOGY paper, Mood disorder, Male B - Essay Example II. Part of a Larger Group of Disorders (300 words) Bipolar disorder is a disorder that’s in the category of mood disorders. According to Schou (2004), â€Å"Mood disorders are recognized as episodes when the patients experience alternating periods with symptoms and intervals without symptoms. In bipolar disorder there may be episodes of mania, periods with abnormal elation and increased activity, and depression, periods with abnormal sadness and melancholy† (pp. 7). B may have other problems in addition to bipolar disorder. His admission that he sometimes became paranoid is evocative of this fact. According to Griez (2005), â€Å"A comorbid anxiety disorder in 40% to 90% of subjects with bipolar disorder in community samples† (pp. 16). One of the only reasons that adequately explains bipolar problems might be an abnormality that occurs in the brain. According to Bogousslavsky & Cummings (2000), â€Å"The initial studies of emotional disorders following brain in juries included patients with various lesions†¦studies suggest[ed the left hemisphere is critical as a sphere in depression]† (pp. 65). ... According to Shives (2007), â€Å"[S]everal medical illnesses are highly correlated with mood disorders† (pp. 326). Bipolar disorder is a condition that must be dealt with promptly, so that B’s destructive behaviors—indicative of a manic phase—won’t have a disastrous toll on familial relations. This should be avoided at all costs by seeking appropriate medical treatment as soon as possible. III. Heritable Yet Treatable (600 words) B’s mother, with whom he has a very close relationship, has suffered from depression for a number of years. His maternal uncle is a recluse who has always been described by the family as ‘a highly creative eccentric who is too sensitive for the real world.’ B’s problems may stem from certain inherited genes which may have influenced his behaviours. According to Dubovsky and Dubovsky (2002), â€Å"Careful studies have repeatedly demonstrated that mood disorders are familial† (pp. 78). Bâ₠¬â„¢s symptoms seem typical of what bipolar disorder entails. â€Å"Somatic symptoms characterizing mood disorders are nearly equivalent across cultures† (Barlow & Durand, 2008, pp. 228). B’s milder episodes of mania were amazingly intoxicating, and they gave him much pleasure and lots of energy and ideas which translated into major work ideas and inventions; this was a golden time for B. He was not actually diagnosed until he was almost 28, by then his behaviour had become more excessive and was affecting his work and personal relationships and everything around him. He got away with things for so long because his family was so well-known and wealthy and he was so successful in his work, that people accepted

Economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economic - Essay Example These factors go on to achieve economic objectives, promote economic growth, and shape fiscal policies. The term ‘money’ includes paper money, coins and checking accounts. The demand and supply of such assets determine the interest rate in an economy. The equilibrium interest rate is determined by the point where real money supply equates the real money demand. The money supply is controlled by the central bank. Real money demand is influenced by the interest rate and is positively correlated with real GDP. Influencing and changing the interest rate from the equilibrium rate results in conversions from (to) interest bearing deposits to (from) money. This allows the government to influence money holdings by the public. Interest rates are also positively related to the price level in a country. Keeping all other factors constant, a rise (fall) in the real interest rates brings about a rise (fall) in the real GDP. Hence economic growth could be promoted through interest rat es and therefore economic objectives could be achieved. The money market shows the equilibrium interest rates while the foreign exchange market shows the exchange rate. Combining the two markets yields a money forex diagram.

Asia Pacific Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Asia Pacific Business - Essay Example es in different countries to support the performance of their products or deal with the product development in that part of the world to ensure that they successfully control their industry and continue making sales (Jaussaud & Schaaper, 2007). The other industry that is much infested with many multinationals is the electronics field. The basic analysis reflects most of these companies with huge revenues and capital formations all over the world originate from the Asian community that has grown to control the world economy from the super powers of the past decades. The growth of the Asian community has much indicated from four major countries Japan, Korea, China and Taiwan. The study is going to involve an analysis from the two sectors of business that is electronics and automotives, which have taken a huge share of interest from the Asian community. To substantiate this view, the analysis of the multinationals will consider the different aspects of the businesses that make them unique and worth interest of the international community. The aspects of strength that allow them to dominate in their country of origin and further dominate in the world platform. One of the most successful multinational of all time from Japan Nissan has developed to become a global commodity that influences many economies. The company in the automobile sector has set up in many other countries all over the world with many working as assembly points while others running fully as the original company (Elger & Smith, 2005). The major strategy that the company has employed in its multinational approach has majorly focused on the strategic partnerships that have allowed it make alliances with other huge manufacturers in the field of automotives to create a clear competitive advantage. A good example is the alliance formed between Nissan and Renault of 2013 has created a storm in the automobile sector in France. The French automotive Renault has created an added advantage for Nissan in

Discuss the value of Information Technology and Management Information Research Paper

Discuss the value of Information Technology and Management Information Technology to you and your chosen profession (mine is Acc - Research Paper Example Nonetheless, management information systems are tools, which a manager uses to collect information about different aspects of the company, including sales and personnel, among others, and analyze it (Moghaddam, et al 2012). On the other hand, Accounting is an important aspect in all companies. Unlike IT and MIS, Accounting has been in existence for the longest time. This mainly addresses the financial state of a company. It involves bookkeeping, which involves bank statements, company ledgers, and the overall tracking of finances in the company, including money in, money out, and business assets. Today, there is a high level of interaction between different disciplines. Similarly, the fields of accounting, IT, and MIS show a high level of interaction, as the field of accounting adopts the skills and knowledge of IT and MIS in its processes. Nonetheless, the nature of IT and MIS make them to be applicable in diverse disciplines (Moghaddam, et al 2012). This paper therefore, will focus on the value of information technology and management information systems in the field of accounting. The field of accounting today has become dependent on information technology and management information systems, as it adopts various elements in these, to enhance the efficiency of its processes. In information technology, there are a myriad of new integration approaches, as well as effective methods of managing data. Therefore, use of information technology translates into increased efficiency in data retrieval and storage, and overall management of data in accounting. Therefore, this aspect of information technology is valuable in accounting, since it makes the different procedures and processes in accounting to be simple, and leads to an increased and focused use of computed information in the field. Therefore, with regard to efficiency in accounting, information technology has played the major role in achieving this. Nonetheless, with the advancements in information technology , it is expected that the field of accounting will as well adopt the new techniques in information technology, and therefore, increase its efficiency (Moghaddam et al 2012). Information technology has also led to the transformation of the field of accounting into a paperless phenomenon. Today, there is no more use of papers and pencil. Information technology highly adopts different equipment, which have also been adopted in accounting. For instance, there is the use of computers, faxes, and scanners, among other IT equipment in information technology. Most of these IT equipment are affordable, thus available in the accounting section of most companies. Nonetheless, these have resulted in increased efficiency in accounting procedures (Bahador, Haider & Saman, 2012). As observed, information technology utilizes various software. These software can also be adopted in most accounting processes. For instance, accountants use the program referred to as â€Å"spreadsheet† today to h elp in reporting and calculations in the field. Apart from the spreadsheet program, there are many more software, which are accustomed to accounting, and help in accounting procedures. Nonetheless, these are affordable and easy to use. These different software makes the work of accountants easier. Therefore, accountants use these to pay different types of bills in the company, recording all the transactions they have made, and use them in financial reporting, as well. Additionally, the use of these IT programs ensures

Asia Pacific Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Asia Pacific Business - Essay Example es in different countries to support the performance of their products or deal with the product development in that part of the world to ensure that they successfully control their industry and continue making sales (Jaussaud & Schaaper, 2007). The other industry that is much infested with many multinationals is the electronics field. The basic analysis reflects most of these companies with huge revenues and capital formations all over the world originate from the Asian community that has grown to control the world economy from the super powers of the past decades. The growth of the Asian community has much indicated from four major countries Japan, Korea, China and Taiwan. The study is going to involve an analysis from the two sectors of business that is electronics and automotives, which have taken a huge share of interest from the Asian community. To substantiate this view, the analysis of the multinationals will consider the different aspects of the businesses that make them unique and worth interest of the international community. The aspects of strength that allow them to dominate in their country of origin and further dominate in the world platform. One of the most successful multinational of all time from Japan Nissan has developed to become a global commodity that influences many economies. The company in the automobile sector has set up in many other countries all over the world with many working as assembly points while others running fully as the original company (Elger & Smith, 2005). The major strategy that the company has employed in its multinational approach has majorly focused on the strategic partnerships that have allowed it make alliances with other huge manufacturers in the field of automotives to create a clear competitive advantage. A good example is the alliance formed between Nissan and Renault of 2013 has created a storm in the automobile sector in France. The French automotive Renault has created an added advantage for Nissan in

History week 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

History week 3 - Assignment Example They are associated with popular culture and are often associated with the quality and quantity of the goods they consume. Though often they become slaves of the middle class lifestyle which involve finances more than they can afford. They are also associated with more sense of pride and nationalism. Social Darwinism is a social adaptation of the theory of natural selection in which the idea of the survival of the fittest is applied. Darwin believed that human development and social instincts develop through time and the struggle and conflict present in the society allows other traits to survive more than the others. It is a double-edged sword, indicating progression of the society and the degredation of the human race. The nature of the American social system is based on the production and consumption of goods of the people. The types of leisure define the classes whether they belong to the upper, middle or lower classes. Luxuries and comfort of life are more associated with the leisure class or the upper class. Base classes are more limited or even devoid in their choice of

Bill Clinton Sells Essay Example for Free

Bill Clinton Sells Essay Communication is a transfer of information from a person to another person or a group of people. The communication process is a when information is channeled from a source to a receiver. The information is the message sent by a source through a certain channel for an intended receiver. There are a lot of instances that communication occurs. When we talk with other people, when we do body languages, and even when we stare someone in the eye, we communicate. A very common form of information is through verbal exchange, or the use of words. This can be seen in situations involving one person talking to another, or one person talking to a number of people. The latter is the form of communication which addresses a greater audience, and is evident in public speeches. It is a good way to disseminate information, and is effectively used by people who deal with other people, including politicians. The speech that will be analyzed is given by ex-President Bill Clinton, in one of his public appearances in 2006. He talks about developing a World view as a way to promote order and that there is a need for a New World Order for the country in order to lessen the problems of our times. In analyzing the speech, we first need to look at the speaker. He is Bill Clinton, the ex-President. Most of us know him, because for some time he has been a public figure, an important one at that. If we are going to assess his credibility to talk about the topic and world view and a new world order, we can say that he is indeed credible (Beebe Beebe, 2000). He has in his name a few years of public service, with the last position he took was the highest position in all of the country. With his background, it is evident that he is well versed with how politics works, with how the world works, of how the global community interacts, which is why it won’t be a waste of our time to here him speak his ideas for a better future. The next step is to analyze the event. It was a gathering of people, which is not limited to high ranking officials and people who are well to do in the society. The event is for the purpose of informing the people, of trying to educate them to somehow alleviate them from the hardships they are encountering. Another element to take into consideration is the speech. His speech was about having a world view. He states that in order to understand fully the things that happen in our society and even in ourselves, we need to have a worldview, something that we can associate our ideas with. This is to determine which side are we on with the things that are happening around us. He associated this world view to the creation of a new world order which would stem out from our collaboration and interaction with other nations and other nations’ people. The organizational pattern used in the speech was problem-solution, wherein it somehow opens our eyes to things that we can do in order to deal with the problems that we currently have. Lastly, we would analyze the audience of the speech. The speech is directed to the general public. It includes the businessmen, the laborers, the workers, college students, and many more. It begs the audience to look inside them and reflect about his world view. It is a very big step in determining the solution to the problems of the times. The speech directed to the audience was much more informative rather than persuasive, though it gives suggestions as to how we should deal with the problems that we have today. Reference: Beebe, S. A. , Beebe, S. J. (2000). Public Speaking: An Audience-Centered Approach (4th Edition ed. ): Allyn Bacon. YouTube. (2006). Bill Clinton Sells the New World Order to US. Retrieved December 2, 2008, from http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=kvEqg_UlGaAfeature=related

My Philosophy of Education Essay -- Teaching Education Teacher School

My Philosophy of Education My philosophy of education and my personal goals and theories about how students are empowered through their educational experience revolve around the student-centered, interactive approach to instruction and learning. My goal as an educator is to create a learner-focused environment that promotes the basic literacy skills - reading, writing, listening, speaking and thinking. Children are readers, writers, and thinkers who need language to question and understand. They become members of literate communities using language in real ways for real purposes. Through my own classroom research, I have learned to listen to children, to observe the multitude of ways in which they learn, and to examine the elements that encourage their growth. Each day must be devoted to writing, reading, and interacting with literature. Children learn to read by reading. They learn to write by writing. Listening to and talking about literature enhances both processes. Children learn to think, to question, to reflect on what they write, read, and listen to in a classroom that allots a significant amount of time to the interaction and practice of these skills. Children make choices as to what to read, what to write, and how to approach a task. These children who make their own decisions take ownership of their learning and are better able to make meaning within their world. Teacher responses play a critical part in this environment by asking questions to stimulate thinking, and children become adept at generating their own questions and seeking answers. Peers also learn to make enabling responses in a literate community. Children need and deserve these responses; as well as, they need to hear the ideas o... ...ncourages children to be able to use their learning skills of various disciplines and put to use these skills acquired. Also, it helps children in solving and resolving age appropriate challenges. In doing this, one hopes to instill confidence and foster the child?s ability to see how all aspects of education build up the learner equipping him/her with the necessary knowledge to more forth in education as well as life. I believe that a teacher should be able to wear many hats with success. We must address each student as an individual and adjust the method of teaching to accommodate the child?s capacity to learn. Building up the student and providing him/her with all the necessary skills of reading, writing, and problem solving will foster and stimulate further learning. The student will ultimately benefit as a productive learner and member of society.

Effective Foreshadowing in Flannery O’Connor’s Greenleaf Essay

Effective Foreshadowing in Flannery O’Connor’s Greenleaf â€Å"Mrs. May’s bedroom window was low and faced on the east and the bull, silvered in the moonlight, stood under it, his head raised as if he listened- like some patient god come down to woo her- for a stir inside her room. The window was dark and the sound of her breathing too light to be carried outside. Clouds crossing the room blackened him and in the dark he began to tear at the hedge. Presently they passed and he appeared again in the same spot, chewing steadily, with a hedge-wreath that he had ripped loose for himself caught in the tips of his horns. When the moon drifted into retirement again, there was nothing to mark his place but the sound of steady chewing. Then abruptly a pink glow filled the window. Bars of light slid across him as the venetian blind was split. He took a step backward and lowered his head as if to show the wreath across his horns.† (311) An analysis of the introductory paragraph of Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"Greenleaf† reveals how diction and text structure foreshadow Mrs. May’s fate and create a...

What Is Television Really Doing to Children?

As we already know, television has changed the world and how we view it. In today’s world, majority of what we see on the television ranges from violence to sexuality to profanity. There is no doubt that whatever is shown on the television can not only easily influence the behaviour of adults, but also the most vulnerable minds which is that of young children. Television can greatly affect the development of the brain in young children. Not only that, but the amount of time spent on the television can be detrimental to children’s physical health. Television has a negative impact on children that can affect them in numerous ways including mentally, emotionally, and physically. So the question is, what impact does the television have on our children’s mental health? The first two years of life are the most critical for the development of the brain. This means that young children’s brains are more open to learning and enriching influences. It also means that young children’s brain are much more vulnerable to developmental problems should their environment be negative or un-nurturing. Many studies on the effects of TV violence on children have found that children become immune or numb to the horror of violence and accept violence as a way to solve problems. This means that the viewing of television violence by children can cause aggressiveness which means more violent children who will grow into violent adults. Children are our number one imitators. Just ask any mother whose had her 3 year old daughter walk into the kitchen with bright red lipstick smudged all over her lips and eye shadow covering their entire eye. Why? Because that’s what she sees her mother do every single morning before she leaves for work. Point is, what children see, children do. Television can also affect some of the most important areas of children’s life, like the classroom. Results of an investigation done by the Quebec Longitudinal Study of child development exposure showed that watching too much TV as toddlers resulted in a 7% decrease in classroom engagement as well as these children have a harder time focusing in the class. We cannot continue to set our children up for failure. Letting something like the television which parents have so much control over, control us is only harming our children. Not only does television affect children’s mental development, but also their physical health. A television often takes the place of interactive experiences that children are supposed to be a part of. A child who watches more than 2 hours of television a day has a 17% of becoming obese, a 15% chance of having cardiovascular system problems, and an increase of cholesterol in the blood. Now what do you usually have beside you when you’re watching your favorite daytime soap opera? Yep, you got it, a bowl of potato chips! This is exactly what children do when they’re watching their TV shows. Deneke 2 Kids are starting to become less active and lazier and it’s becoming a greater risk factor for adulthood obesity. If parents don’t start taking responsibility of what they’re letting their children do, their kids are going to be pointing their finger to their parents asking why they let them do this while signing up for the 30th season of â€Å"The Biggest Loser†. Excessive television viewing among young children has been linked to negative impacts on early brain development, and lifelong physical health. Early exposure to television can affect a child’s mental development as well as physical health. So parents replace those TV’s in your children bedrooms with books and do more fun and active activities with your kids so your child doesn’t become one of these statistics.

Motivational Techniques

Motivationals methods in Switzerland MOTIVATIONAL METHODS THAT ARE MOST EFFECTIVE IN EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION Robert Gordon University – Business and Hotel Management School BA Hotel and Hospitality Management Course BS 3149 Research Methods for Business Students Module coordinator: Ms Heather Robinson Submission date: 9th April 2013 Student ID No. : 1219453 Word Count: 2008 1. TOPIC: Motivational methods that are most effective in hospitality employee motivation 2. QUESTION: What are the most successful methods to motivate restaurant employees in Switzerland? . ARTICLES ANKLI, R. E. , PALLIAM, R. , (2012). Enabling a motivated workforce: exploring the sources of motivation. Development and Learning in Organizations, 26(2), pp. 7 – 10 BASSETT-JONES, N. , LLOYD, G. C. , (2005). Does Herzberg's motivation theory have staying power?. Journal of Management Development, 24(10), pp. 929 – 943 ESKILDSEN, J. K. , KRISTENSEN, K. , and WESTLUND, A. H. , (2004). Work motivation and job satisfaction in the Nordic countries. Employee Relations, 26(2), pp. 122 – 136 LEE-ROSS, D. , (2005).Perceived job characteristics and internal work motivation: An exploratory cross-cultural analysis of the motivational antecedents of hotel workers in Mauritius and Australia. Journal of Management Development, 24(3), 253 – 266. STAMOV-ROSSNAGEL, C. , and HERTEL, G. , (2010). Older workers' motivation: against the myth of general decline. Management Decision, 48(6), 894 – 906. WHEELER, A. R. , BUCKLEY, M. R. , (2001). Examining the motivation process of temporary employees: A holistic model and research framework.Journal of Managerial Psychology, 16(5), pp. 339 – 354. OTHER SOURCES HERZBERG, F. , MAUSNER, B. , and SNYDERMAN, B. B. , 1959. Motivation to work. New York: Transaction Publishers. 4. RATIONALE The researcher believes that the topic selected is very significant for the restaurant and hospitality industry today and plays a key role in maxi mizing profit as motivating the workforce would further help in better service, food quality and even ability to retain customers up to a certain degree.According to Stamov-Rossnagel and Hertel (2010), the motivational factors depends on quite a wide range of possibilities, however one of them include the work environment, peers and the need to compete with the attainments of another worker in the same entity. These workers are motivated when they have the proper equipment desired for performing a specific task and are regularly updated with the latest equipment which would aid them in their tasks at work.When these workers feel that they are being monitored and are cared for by providing the equipment, proper working conditions, they inevitably feel the urge to perform better and are motivated. However, occasionally, the range of tasks in a job may not be as motivating as the particular task that the worker is interested in. Monitoring these tasks which motivate a worker should be specifically assigned to them to improve productivity. Managers should limit and avoid the use of any sort of cultural or ethical background about an employee while trying to judge the work or motivating him (Lee-Ross, 2005).Various western companies observed and practiced the approach of participative leadership and style of work which involved the decisions and views of every worker, which would indirectly rise their esteem and motivate them. Deference and responsibility are two highly important motivators. Individuals also have personal goals and if they are similar to those of the enterprise, then motivation is a very simple process. However, identifying the aims and goals of employees is mandatory to link it in a way to that of the organization and excel in revenues and market productivity.These individuals could bring up several innovative techniques and ideas, especially when they are at the prime of motivation level. Hence, the goals and aims of individuals matter largely in an enterprise for it to accelerate in the market. Temporary employees are a very common trend in today’s era where enormous multinational and private companies employee them specifically for reducing cost and being able to manipulate the schedule of the part time or temporary employees (Wheeler and Buckley, 2001).However, many private companies employee temporary employees and are expecting them to be motivated for the job. The full time workers also lose interest in explaining the part time workers about the work flow and the importance of following a systematic approach to every method and hence, the temporary workers do not feel the urge to perform better and accelerate in their position. The temporary workers are kept apart from the important decisions being taken in the organization and are isolated, especially in MNC’s such as McDonald’s Burger King and other various different fast food restaurants.However, this also implies to certain other casual restau rants which employs interns and other part time workers who as well are not motivated enough to put their efforts into the enterprise. The researcher explored the literature and identified the following few advantages of motivating people: 1. Creates an enthusiastic workforce 2. Enables the opportunity to resolve any confrontation within minutes and boost staff morale 3. Increases revenue of the restaurant . Eliminates the necessity of monitoring staff According to Eskildsen, Kristensen, and Westlund, (2004) women are more satisfied than men regarding job satisfaction, employees with higher level of education need not necessarily be more satisfied, but at time could even result to be the contrary. However, education level does not have an impact on intrinsic factors, whereas managerial positioned workers are more satisfied with their jobs.The Herzberg theory states that the motivational factors are divided into two main parts, the first known as the hygiene factors which are related to salary, working conditions and team work while the latter is related to motivational means (Bassett-Jones and Lloyd, 2005). Motivational means are based solely on 3 major factors, ability to exercise, opportunity to practice and feedback to self. These are explained in the book by Herzberg, Mausner and Snyderman (1959) which describe the hygiene factors offered by the employer simply as ‘KITA’ or kick in the ass, which does not motivate one but rather threatens them to work harder in a way.If one possess the ability to perform or has a skill such as communication, service, cooking etc. he/she will be aiming to achieve better goals in life. However, if the person does not have the equipment and other necessary means to practice his skills, he will not be able to perform to the best and would not be motivated. This later includes a feedback, which may not always come from a higher authority but even from self helps. These are the 3 basic necessities for motivation and is related to every industry. 5. AIMS: The aim of this research paper is to analyse the best method(s) for motivating restaurant employees in Switzerland. . OBJECTIVES: To review past and current methods of employee motivation To examine the difference between employee motivation methods in different restaurants in Switzerland To evaluate the most used methods applied by employers and their effectiveness 7. METHODOLOGY The researcher was enthusiastic about collecting primary data and is looking forth to setup a network for communicating between several restaurants in Switzerland regarding the motivational techniques widely used within the restaurant for backing up employees for further work.The research philosophy surfaced as realism as the methods and techniques are applicable in the practical life and need to be reviewed once again for a more clear vision. Deductive approach was the best suited style for this kind of research where the researcher evaluated different concepts and theories set ahead of him by different philosophers and psychologists studying the area of motivation of employees in any type of an industry and a mixture of both qualitative and quantitative analysis were both necessary in such a project.Qualitative analysis hung on the literature and journal articles and will also include the surveys spread throughout certain restaurants in Switzerland, and the researcher would later interview and question the owner of a famous Indian restaurant in Zurich, Switzerland which is known for motivating its employees to a very high degree and enabling them to monitor and manage a restaurant solo.The researcher will distribute a questionnaire amongst 30 different employees of several restaurants in Luzern and in Zurich and also to 3-5 different restaurant managers for feedback regarding the motivational methods and techniques abundant in the vicinity. The sampling technique is non-probability, purposive method and focuses on only a niche of the populati on. Calculating the results from both the employer and employee would enlarge the scope of research and present forward a more ransparent knowledge of motivational means applied. The Fredrick Herzberg theory of motivational and hygienic factors are quite relevant to this focus topic and go hand in hand with the ideas of the researcher. The practical world believes in money being a very heavy motivator and as well as job security, working conditions and benefits. The researcher claims it to be false and would like to prove it on paper. 8. DRAFT QUESTIONS My name is Ankit Sharma and I am a student of Business and Hotel Management School in Luzern, Switzerland.This research survey will give me concrete evidence towards my project, ‘What are the most successful methods to motivate restaurant employees in Switzerland’ and aid me in my Research and Methodology class. The questions will be regarding the factors that will motivate the employees in a restaurant oriented job and the answers will be kept anonymous and confidential and used only for research purposes. Questionnaire 1 What are the factors that motivate you to work? Name: Age: Sex:Nationality: American African European Asian Other 1) From a scale of 1 to 4, 1 being very satisfied, how satisfied are you with your job? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 2) What is the first feature you look at when accepting a job? a. Pay b. Work hours c. Type of job d. Location 3) Your average daily work hours ranges from: a. 6-7 b. 7-8 c. 8-10 d. 10+ 4) Which of the following factors motivate you? a. Money b. Special benefits c. New challenges daily d. Job security 5) What is your average monthly income? a.

Ethnology and Ethnography

Word Count: Dana Trippe Anthropology Essay #2 10/1/2012 There are two major approaches to collecting information about human culture: ethnography and ethnology. Each approach has a specific goal. Each approach employs a variety of methods for data collection and analysis, all of which carry benefits but also challenges. Along with the challenges of data collection, field anthropologists face an additional set of logistical, emotional, and ethical obstacles. Anthropology is a difficult field but provides an important perspective on cultural diversity.Ethnography and Ethnology both attempt at reaching certain goals. Ethnography is a written description of a culture based on data gathered from fieldwork, characterized by two methods, participant observation and interviews. When an anthropologist is researching through participant observation, they are attempting to study a culture while still trying to maintain the eye of an objective observer. Another form of getting data for ethnograp hy is through interviews. Through interviews, either formal or informal, the anthropologist is attempting to gather and collect notable data.Formal interviews are more scripted and reduce the situational bias the anthropologists may experience. Informal interviews are more open ended questions that allow the informant to talk about what they think is more important in their culture. These interviews can help paint a more actual description of culture of what their beliefs and lifestyles are, instead of an â€Å"ideal culture†. Sterk stated that the interviewer becomes much more involved in the interview when conversations are in-depth, more than when a structured questionnaire is being used (Sterk 2000: 27).Compared to ethnography, the study of single groups through direct contact with the culture, ethnology takes the research that ethnographers have compiled and then compares and contrasts different cultures. Ethnology is the comparative study of cultures with the aim of pre senting analytical generalizations about human culture. Anthropologists do not rely on data from just one study to make interpretive statements about human conditions (Lenkeit: 16). Ethnology also uses forms of quantification, to help make their data easily comparable, and recordable. Ethnography employs two methods of research, articipant observation and interviews. . This method can give an accurate view of the culture from an insider’s perspective. To truly discover the bits and pieces of a culture, subculture, or micro culture, one must commit to spending extensive time in that cultural environment (Lenkeit: 13). In the field, anthropologists can also deal with daily challenges. These challenges can include food problems, safety and health issues, , culture shock, and are also very prone to catching diseases (Lenkeit 2012: 56). Napoleon Chagnon endured an incident with his health while doing fieldwork with the Yonomamo people of Southern Venezuela.Chagnon recounted that h e reacted violently to something in the field, and red welts appeared all over his body. He was weak, nauseated, thirsty, and couldn’t breathe well. The pain was rough but it can be something most anthropologists will experience in the field. † (Chagnon 1974: 174) In American culture, privacy is something people expect to have, and may even take for granted. Martha Ward reported her work with the people of Pohnpeian as a constant challenge. She said that privacy is a bad word in Pohnpeian, but she craved privacy like a physical ache and lusted to be alone (Lenkeit 2012: 56).Chagnon also yearned for privacy while in the field. He said the hardest thing to learn to live with was the incessant and often aggressive demands and threats they would make. Chagnon recounted that day and night for almost the entire time he lived with the Yanomamo, he was plagued by such demands as: ‘If you don’t take me with you on your next trip to Widokaiyateri, I’ll chop a hole in your canoe! ’ and ‘Give me an ax or I’ll break into your hut when you are away and steal all of them! ’ he was bombarded by such demands day after day, until he could not bear to see a Yanomamo at times (Chagnon 1968: 5).It can be very challenging to become adjusted to the cultures lifestyle, where these constant problems occur. Ethnographers also conduct their research through interviews. Interviews are a direct way to gather information, but sometimes they can be faulty. Informal and formal interviews can both come with benefits. They both give in-depth information about the subjects lives, coming directly from the subject. But, there are cases where the informant will give false information, idealize their lives, and simply not want to cooperate. Chagnon used interviews to record genealogical lines of the Yanomamo people.When Chagnon attempted to record all of the names and family lines of the Yanomamo people, they would give false information. They have very stringent name taboos and eschew mentioning the names of prominent living people as well as all deceased friends and relatives. The Yanomamo did not have much entertainment in their lives, so they took any chance they could get to mess around with the â€Å"white man† and get entertainment from it. Each ‘informant’ would try to outdo his peers by inventing a name even more preposterous than what Chagnon had been given by someone earlier. Chagnon 1968: 6) Also, it can be hard to construct interviews when there are language barriers, such as language. Chagnon did not know what language the Yanomamo spoke, because he was the first civilized white man to come into their village. Chagnon had to go back to his years of childhood, where language had to be slowly and carefully learned. It took him a long time to finally understand the language, but after, he could get descriptive information from the villagers about their history and culture (Video). Ethno logy includes methodological approaches of making comparisons and quantifications.Comparisons can help the anthropologist compare current and previously recorded data. They can see differences across different cultures, and changes that have occurred over time within a culture. Comparisons are commonly made within one culture. Sterk found that there were vast differences between the prostitutes living on the streets, and those living in crack houses. Those who lived in crack houses were less likely to give informal interviews because they always had their pimp looking over their shoulder. Also she made comparisons on when the women made their customers wear condoms.They would make their decisions depending on the different types of partners, types of sex acts, and social context. (Sterk 2000: 26). Another form of comparisons is across two different cultures. When Laura Bohannon was doing fieldwork with the Tiv of West Africa she found that the village was formed around story telling . They wanted to hear a story of hers so she went on to tell the story of Hamlet, and could instantly pick up on differences in their cultures. When Bohannon told them that Hamlet was sad his mother had married so quickly, and had not waited the two year mourning period.The villagers objected â€Å"two years is too long! Who will hoe your farms for you while you have no husband? † and when she said Hamlet talked to his dead father, they screamed â€Å"Omens cannot speak! † The villagers changed the story to their liking, so that it would fit their standards better (Bohannon 1966: 2). Cultures all are unique and have different standards that go hand in hand with them. Other comparisons are ones that can be made over time, which can also be the faultiest data. When Margaret Meade went to Samoa for fieldwork in the 1930's, she collected data that the girls in Samoa were quite promiscuous.When Anthropologist, Derrick Freeman, went to Samoa to update the data in the 1970's he reported that the girls were actually very shy and not promiscuous. Comparisons can lead to misleading data, because a culture may have changed drastically over a certain period of time. This comparison is variable because the definition of â€Å"promiscuous† could have changed over that many years and even the Samoan standards could have changed. (Lecture 9/10/12) The other ethnological method is that of quantification. Quantification is the anthropologist translating their studies into numerical or quantitative data.Humans can see information quantified every day, from the daily weather reports, to political poles. (Lecture 9/10/12) Numerical data gives good magnitude and is easy to compare. Usually to collect this data they use samples. They can use a random sample that tries to eliminate bias by giving everyone an equal chance to get interviewed. Samples can usually be very faulty, for the reason that sample sizes are usually not big enough, and to not represent enough people or information to make an accurate assessment of a culture.This data gives people a better understanding of data but can sometimes be manipulated and misleading (Lenkeit: 64). Ethnology and Ethnography can each come with their own sets of logistical, emotional, and ethical obstacles. These issues usually appear when the anthropologist is in direct contact with their research and subjects. Numerous ethical and moral issues appear when the anthropologist is in the field of participant observation and it can be hard for them to stay objective. Anthropologists prepare themselves for these challenges with resources like the American Anthropologist Association.Because Anthropologists can find themselves in complex situations and are subject to more than one code of ethics, the AAA code of ethics provides a framework, not an iron clad formula, for making decisions. (Lenkeit: 50) Claire Sterk was doing fieldwork with a group of prostitutes in the New York area, where she came across these kind of decisions. The women would repeatedly refuse to make the men they slept with to wear condoms, even though the risk of HIV and AIDS was huge in their lives. She as concerned for them, but also could not get too involved in fear of insulting the women. There is an ethical line for anthropologists that can often become blurry. (Sterk 2000:26) With these methods, there is the challenge of ethnocentrism, because if an anthropologist thinks that their culture is the center of the world, they will not be able to comprehend other cultures in an objective way, and instead think of them as primitive beings that are not living the right way. Anthropologists must remember to enter their fieldwork using the perspective of cultural relativism.Cultural relativism is the idea that and aspect of a culture must be viewed and evaluated within the context of that culture. In cultures like the Massai, where female circumcision is regarded from a different perspective by the rest of the wo rld, people must use cultural relativism to understand their practices. According to their traditions and practices, it is meant to have a positive rather than a negative effect on the girl. It is supposed to reduce a woman’s desire for sex and reduce immorality. Another thing is that traditionally, it is a rite of passage.It marks the end of childhood and the beginning of adulthood. The fact that their practices are much different than those of more developed cultures shouldn’t lead to them being seen harshly or as less intelligent. (Olekina 2006) With this perspective anthropologists can more objectively describe a cultural system and all of the customs, beliefs, and activities, that fit into it. This approach leads to a greater awareness, tolerance, and acceptance of the culture the anthropologist is studying. (Lenkeit 2012:17) Anthropologists collect most of their data through ethnology and ethnography.They must overcome the obstacles in order to get to the goals t hat Ethnography and Ethnology try to reach. When doing fieldwork, moral and ethical issues can plague anthropologist’s research, and they learn to adapt to these issues in order to gather necessary data, observation, interviews, comparisons, and quantification all have their own ways of deriving information. Each method has its faults, and can be misleading, but all anthropological methods attempt to unravel all of the bits and pieces that make a culture what it is.

Budgeting and customer satisfaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Budgeting and customer satisfaction - Essay Example There are some factors and approaches that Duma may need to focus on/adopt in order to maintain or even increase its market share in terms of attracting more customers. Discuss these factors and approaches and how they may be used by Duma corporation. In order for Duma to expand on its market, Duma Corporation has to adopt strategic management in its operations. With strategic management, the company has to start with setting a mission, vision, and corporate objectives, and then crafting a strategy in order for the company to thrive in its chosen industry. Strategic management entails application of strategic marketing, strategic finance, strategic human resource management and other functions of the company's operations. Strategic marketing will be the front-runner of the company's efforts in order to attract more customers, and increase its market share in the process. How does the company do this' It has to assess the current level of the demand in the market, as well as the supply. Given the gap in the market, it can set a certain level of market share which it aims to capture as its marketing objective. This target market share is transformed into sales objectives. After determining its marketing objectives, the ... This target market share is transformed into sales objectives. After determining its marketing objectives, the company can craft its marketing strategy. It must set criteria to segment the market, such as profitability as it cannot please all the customers (Duncan 2005). After knowing the segments and targeting a segment where it want to operate, the company must know what the attributes are customers give premium on when choosing specialist photocopiers. Armed with this knowledge, the company can position itself according to the preferences of consumers. This positioning, or what the company stands for as regards its offer should set a level of expectation for the market. Satisfaction of its current customers is key to retaining its market share; satisfaction occurs when the level of expectation of the customers is exceeded (Pickton & Broderick 2001). Thus, Duma corporation must exceed what customers expect of its product in order to satisfy them, make them loyal to the brand or product of the company, or in extreme cases, advocate the brand which can help the company acquire more customers in the process. It is very usual that positive word of mouth can accompany high levels of customer satisfaction (Duncan 2005), and this positive word of mouth is a very powerful marketing communications tool in order for Duma to reach and convert other customers to joining its customer base. Customer satisfaction by providing satisfactory product and services is key for Duma to maintain its market share. This customer-centric approach to marketing is can only be accomplished by investing in consumer research in order to probe for the preferences of the customers (Pickton & Broderick 2001). Without knowing what the customers

If the marijuana be legalized in all the United States,what the Essay

If the marijuana be legalized in all the United States,what the benefit influence of that to the economy - Essay Example But recent survey and evidence provide effective information about the positive influence of marijuana towards the medical and economic structure of a country. It has been proved scientifically that, the use of marijuana can create positive impact on America as it is less toxic than that of other drugs such as aspirin, tobacco and alcohol. The legalization of marijuana would create potential rise of the economic growth of United States and also can help to lower the rate of crime. For over thousands of years, people are finding way to get relief for the vast struggle of life for enjoying simple pleasure in human life. Marijuana provides relief from stress and struggle that people has to face from day-today life. This essay will discuss about the legalization of marijuana in United States can help to boost its economic growth. In United States, the use of marijuana and medical marijuana has a lengthy history. Cocaine and opium were regarded as the daily used drugs between the years 1900 to 1945. But as the years passed by, strict laws have been implemented on the use of marijuana which is also known as cannabis. United States government made marijuana as illegal despite its huge importance on the medical sector. Recent states revealed that more the 5 billion dollars has been spend on marijuana by the American in every year. This amount of money spend is equivalent to the 1% of the GDP. The amount of money spend on marijuana goes to the mafias and drug dealers. The large proportions of distribution of marijuana are hold by illegal drug dealers rather than contributing to the economy of country. The medicinal value of marijuana can be neglected as it helps patients to get rid of choric illnesses and reduce tension is stressful life. Many scientists and researcher predicts that legalization of marijuana woul d eventually benefit the future of Unites States. Several marijuana laws are enforced which results in to the spending of 1 billion dollar by each state of

Issues of Faculty Training for Online Courses Part 5 Research Paper

Issues of Faculty Training for Online Courses Part 5 - Research Paper Example Stratified sampling is suitable in this research since it has less error margins(Bogdan, &Biklen, 2007). After selection using the stratified sampling meaning people with similar interests, an adequate number is again chosen from the original sample. The number has to be adequate to ensure that the group involved has taken a sample of every significant personfor the interview. For example the number should consist of both teachers and students and not only teacher or students or an uneven number. We could use the sample size calculator to determine the sample size but in this instance we shall chose the estimation means(Ryan & Wiley Online Library, 2013). In this case we shall estimate the students and teachers below fifty years of age. The formula will be p=X/n where X is the number of teachers and students under fifty years(Ardilly&TilleÃŒ , 2006). The rationale behind this sample size is that people above fifty years are not keen or active to use online facilities frequently. In this stage, a clear and brief description of measurements needed is stated. For example in this case the sample size to be used. Secondly, selection of researchers is done. These researchers are then thoroughly trained. Thirdly, the research must be underway with trained researchers reporting and taking down data. Finally, the data must be recorded clearly so that it can be used for the purpose of the research. Here the data is sorted, separated and entered into a computer. Any audio visual material used can be transcribed at this stage. Observation of data and deducing the meaning is then performed on the sorted data. Finally, the use of qualitative and quantitative data sorting is done on the data(Seidman, 2013). Statistical analysis is only performed on quantitative data as it can be counted while qualitative cannot be counted(Seidman, 2013). Statistical analysis can be done through normal counting, observations of

Water clock Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Water clock - Research Paper Example However this is not the case and many experiments are underway all around the globe to find the best product possible which can wake up an individual as ordinary alarms do not do the trick when it comes to waking them up from sleep. The product that has been chosen for the sake of this paper is that of a water clock which is in the form of a top lamp. It aims to spill water on to the sleeper if he does not get up and avoids using the alarm so that he could get an extra dose of sleep in the early hours of the morning. This paper will discuss the basis of a water clock and how it has been studied from the aspect of four dimensions of the marketing – product, price, place and promotion. The water clock runs with electricity and is basically an alarm clock. It is different from other clocks because it has a water tank fitted inside it. However this water tank is small in size and does not take that much space. The water clock is an interesting idea because it helps the sleeper to wake up and get on his toes immediately. The basic intention is to make him feel all soggy so that shall wake him up quickly. Some people find it hard to digest the fact that they would be spilled with water so early in the morning; however the advantages of such a water clock cannot be denied at all, especially if the sleeper believes in having deep sleep patterns. The water clock acts as a deterrent to sleeping for long period of time, thus offering a chance to the sleeper to be on his toes instantly. As far as comparing it with other products in the market is concerned, the water clock acts as a product that is one step ahead of them. Other products make use of the cell (alkaline battery ) technology while this water clock is run through electricity alone. Hence if the cells go off in the middle of the night, the sleeper can still be assured that his water clock will wake him up early in the morning, at his own designated time. The

Why Americans should embrace Alternative fuel vehicles Term Paper

Why Americans should embrace Alternative fuel vehicles - Term Paper Example If this trend is to continue in the future, then very shortly the phenomenon of 'peak oil' would be triggered and global competition of remaining oil will escalate the prices beyond affordability. Moreover, there is the persuasive argument from environment preservation angle. If current energy usage patterns continue for a few more decades then the ecosystems and environments across the world would be damaged beyond repair, putting at risk the long-term survival of our species. (Borowitz, 1999, p.255) The rest of this essay will elaborate on these points and present the reasons why Americans should embrace alternative fuel vehicles. Beyond concerns about peak-oil and issues of sustaining conventional oil supplies, there is the danger posed by environmental pollution. While manufacturing industries play their part in polluting air, water and soil, the chief contributors are motor vehicles. For example, 90% of the carbon monoxide, 50% of the volatile organic compounds, and 40% of the o zone in metropolitan areas come from motor vehicles. (Meotti, 1995, p.27) With car ownership per-capita in America being one of the highest among advanced economies, there is a urgent need for alternative fuels. There is also the option of attempting to reduce car sales and car usage. But since this outcome is highly unlikely, finding substitute fuels for petroleum-based ones is the more plausible option going forward. Soybean oil is another alternative fuel that holds a lot of promise. When oil prices spiked during the first Gulf War in 1991, American farmers put to use the huge surplus of soybean oil stored in tanks across the country. They said that Soybean oil can be refined into bio-diesel, which can be used by vehicles. Already, by this time, bio-diesel was being manufactured in Europe using rapeseed oil. And by following the same procedure, Soybean oil could also be converted into bio-diesel, which would prove to be a cleaner and eco-friendly energy alternative. (Schmidt, 200 7, p.87) Experts and business people have now identified bio-diesel as a key player in the alternative fuels market. It also has the advantage of being produced by both small-scale manufacturers as well as large industries. While bio-diesel cannot completely substitute for petroleum products, it has the capacity to power a wide variety of vehicles. At present 95% of passenger vehicles in America run on gasoline. Bio-diesel can significantly help reduce this percentage. (Schmidt, 2007, p.87) Promoters of bio-diesel also feel that its advantages outweigh its disadvantages. It is not only a sustainable energy option, but also an eco-friendly one. For example, â€Å"Numerous studies show that compared to petrodiesel, B20 emits at least 10% less particulate matter, carbon monoxide, and total hydrocarbons. The relevant data are summarized in a 2006 NREL report titled Effects of Biodiesel Blends on Vehicle Emissions. Unlike fossil fuels--which contain carbon from underground sources--biod iesel contains carbon from plants that were recently alive and drawing carbon from the atmosphere. For that reason, burning it doesn't add more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere than what was already there. What's more, biodiesel contains 11% oxygen by weight, which enhances fuel combustion, and reduces the amount of carcinogenic soot that diesel engines spew into the air.† (Schmidt, 2007, p.87) Diesel-run vehicles, on the other hand, are decisively more polluting. They release a lot of sulphur into the atmosphere, which in turn creates sulfate-based particulates, which in turn

Law & Ethics Essay Example for Free

Law Ethics Essay BB General Partnership Dracca is able to seek recover from Silva Gray individually on the judgment for BB partnership because the partnership has not been incorporated. In a general partnership each individual can be sued for the full amount of the business debt. The partners cannot have personal interest within the partnership (Bagley Savage, 2009 p. 729). If one partner incurs all of the debt, they can then sue the other partners for their parts of the debt. Within a Limited Liability Partnership these three items would differ from the general partnership. 1. Limited partners do not play an active role in the business 2. Limited partners are not personally liable 3. Limited partners face slightly different tax rules (NOLO) BB is not a formalized company under the laws of corporation and taxation, so in turn each individual can be held liable for the debt legally. However, Dracca should not have gone after Ms. Grey solely on a tip of her wealth. Business Judgment Rule The Business Judgment Rule states that as long as the board members have acted in good faith and meet the basic standards, there should not be a fear of prosecution when making decisions (Bagley Savage, 2009 p. 801). To insure that the board of directors did not fault their duty of care and the Business Judgment Rule several items must be analyzed. 1. â€Å"Were the directors interested in the transaction?2. Did the directors act in good faith? 3. Did the directors act in a manner that cannot be attributed to a rational purpose? 4. Did the directors reach the decision by a negligent process?† (Bagley Savage, 2009 p.801). The board must also consider their duty of care and duty of loyalty. Duty of care requires people involved in the company to make informed and reasonable decisions for the business. Duty of loyalty requires employees to act in good faith and in good interest of the company (Bagley Savage, 2009 p. 799). In the case of Dracca vs. BB, the board did not act in good duty of care, duty of loyalty or use the Business Judgment Rule appropriately. The overall concept to obtain the debt from BB was an action of duty or care and loyalty to the company. However, the way the board of directors went about the retrieval of the debt was not the best method. By pursuing Ms. Gray off a ‘tip’ the fund backfired and the company incurred a lot of fees that might not of occurred if the pursue was planned correctly. The process of pursuing the money was neglected, fault number three in the Business Judgment rule. Employment Discrimination The accounting manager for Dracca overseeing the BB account, Martin Long had his pay and responsibilities decreased by Accounting Director Mary Smith. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) was developed to help employees against discrimination of age, sex, race, gender, national origin, disability, and religion (Bagley Savage, 2009 p.466). In Martin Long’s case he left the company because Ms. Smith’s visual and vocal opinions. The opinions turned into harassment and eventually Long left the Firm. By vocalizing and placing visual signs Ms. Smith was creating a harsh work environment for employees. Long will be able to sue Dracca for employment discrimination and argue constructive discharge because there must be evidence of unpleasant working condition that it forces the employee to resign and the employer has not taken care of the complaint within 15 days of being informed of the issues. The harassment must be worse than Title VII (Runkel, n.d.). Dracca is responsible for Ms. Smith’s actions/discrimination against Long. Kate was fired after reporting to the EEOC the harassment from Ms. Smith. Kate should not of been fired for reporting the discrimination. Due to Dracca’s action upon firing Kate, the company seems to approve of Ms. Smith’s actions. The EEOC Compliance Manual states that the person filing the complaint is â€Å"protected against retaliation by a respondent for participating in the statutory complaint proceedings even if that complaint involved a different covered entity† (Igasaki, 1998). From the EEOC, Dracca would be held liable for Hernandez’s actions within the court system. Hernandez violated the EEOC Title VII discriminatory actions. The Title VII makes two theories clear to businesses. 1. The theory of disparate treatment and 2. The theory of disparate impact. Disparate treatment means that the plaintiff has to prove that the employer intentionally discriminated against him/her denying a benefit of employment (Bagley Savage, 2009 p.471). Disparate impact is when employers make employment decisions based on selection, making employers complete test and evaluations. BFOQ stands for Bona Fide Occupational that an employer must prove that the type of person is not able to perform the job position. In this case, women with children were hired in order to sell the product. Dracca would have to prove that men were not able to perform the job. The BFOQ cannot be used as a defense when there is a preferred gender within the company. The following also apply. Usually BFOQ is not based on color and gender will not qualify when the 1. â€Å"Assumptions of the comparative employment characteristics of women in general, 2. Stereotyped characteristics of the sexes, and 3. The preferences of coworkers, employers or customers for one gender or the other (Bagley Savage, 2009 p. 485). Conclusion After reviewing the case, I recommend the following 1. Dracca hire new board members with a focus on the business, and not a focus on money. The Board of Directors should be compiled of people that are business savvy and care about the firm and about the financials in a legal and ethical manner. By the Board leaning on a tip and not fact, the business incurred a lot of debt that could have been spent somewhere else within the firm. 2. Dracca should have a firmer hiring process where the prospects are asked to observe and manage for a day, or write out a list of goals, or how to hire people for certain positions. This could show some speculation to discrimination. Also, Dracca should be stricter on company policy regarding religion, politics, and harassment. If need be the company can have classes on what is and is not harassment within the workplace. In this case, it seems that Dracca turned a blind eye on Mr. Long. References Bagley, Savage (2009 Feb. 5). Managers and the Legal Environment: Strategies for the 21st Century, Retrieved from: http://online.vitalsource.com/books/1111439885/S3.2/25 Igasaki, P., (1998), The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, EEOC Directives Transmittal, Retrieved from: http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/docs/retal.htm Runkel, R. (n.d.), Constructive Discharge #9, Law Memo: First in Employment Law. Retrieved from: http://www.lawmemo.com/101/2005/12/constructive_di.html

UK Mixed Economy: Advantages and Disadvantages

UK Mixed Economy: Advantages and Disadvantages OBJECTIVES England is a country of 63.7 million people. Her economy is the largest economy of the four countries of the UK. UK has importance in textiles and chemical products, beside these the automobiles, locomotives and aircrafts are also the important industrial products. UNITED KINGDOM has the the 3rd in the Europe and 6th largest national economy in the world by the nominal GDP. ENGLAND is a mixed economy’s country, beside other country such as ICELAND, SWEDEN, FRANCE UNITED STATES, RUSSIA, CHINA and HONG KONG. These are the countries’ economy is mixed, in those economy society some of the part is manged by the government and the rest it controlled by the private firms and the individuals. Being the mixed economy the ENGLAND has to face some advantage and the some disadvantage. In below we will find its total idea. Definition of pure command, free market and the mixed economy Pure command economy: When any economy is fully controlled by the government, the government decide the allocation of the resourses and they answer the three questions of allocation. This type of economy is theoretical extreme example of economy, it the real world it does not exits, we just use this type of theoretical example for the comparison of the real world economy. Through laws, restrictions, regulations and the involuntary taxes the government force all allocation. In this type of economy the Government set the rules for the people, and if they do not follow the rules they will be punished. The communistic CHAINA and the former SOVIET UNION are the good example for the pure command economy. Five characteristics of the pure command economy According to the need of the nations the government provides the goods The government regulated the all price and moreover the public good will be the available for the public needs The salaries, wealth will be the same for every body There will be common goals, the technology will be seen the greater advantage because of the resources are being allocated correctly to achieve the goal No unfinished project, no inflation and the low unemployment. Free market: This type of economy is based on with the little or without any government control on the supply and the demand. In this type of economy market, the buyers and the sellers are allowed to business freely, where the mutual understanding on price is found and we will not find any form of taxes, subsides or regulations. In the simple way a full free market is summary term for an array of exchanges that take place in society, here the agreement is free and mutual understanding for service or good between two parties . Mixed economy: In the mixed economy system we will see variety of the government and the private control, its looks like the combination of the socialism and the capitalism. We can’t find a single mixed economy’s definition, where we will find a degree of the government regulation of the markets and the a degree of the economy freedom. We can describe the mixed economy as the market economies with the strong administrative overlooking. England as a mixed economy England has the one of the biggest economics of the world, in this economy the Private and the Public contribution is same. Here the public ownership has been reducing since last two decades. While England was first industrialization in the 1800, the economy of England has shifted towards the service sectors over the years.While the industrialization was growing up rapidly, the service sectors were also developing significantly. Under the government of Margaret Thatcher in the 1980s, the most of the state owned enterprises in the service and the industrial sectors were privatised since it was nationalised at 1940s. Now UK government owns very few of the industries such as the Royal mail. Advantages of Mixed Economy There are many reasons why many country choose the mixed economy for the economic development. In below we can see some discussion about that. (1) Job security To maximise the profits is the aim of the private firms, they are sensitive to the market.During the boom time, when the demand of service and the goods are going up, the employment of the job market rise quickly, but when the market is down like the recession period the private company will not keep the excess labour as it will increase the production cost, for this reason the private workers works in a higher risk of unemployment. On the other hand the government sector, they have to follow the labour and the laws, in the government sector they have to appointment new employees every year, and the certain number of workers will get the promotion every year. As in the government invested company the chance of unemployment is very slim, people are not in risk in the retrenched. Therefore in the mixed economy, it is very important to have the part of government involvement for the security of the people’s life style. (2) Avoid exploitation As we know that, the private enterprise is always oriented for the profit, so they never give the priority about the basic rights of human being, such as education, health care, may be they give very few concentrations about those matters. If this problems and negligence always continuing, it will widen the gap of literacy rate and income inequality between the two society of lower and the upper social class. For this reason in the mixed economy society, the government setup the many facilities such as NHS and the various higher institution to narrow the gap. (3) Regulation of monopoly firms When there is a single seller for the service or the goods in the market we called it monopolist, if a company has the control on the market over than 25% we can consider it as a monopoly, it is the example of the classic market failure, by the business sense. The cost efficient has less of incentive as in the monopoly market the monopolist don’t have that much competition or no competitions, to over come this problems the government can make the product market bigger. To do this, the government can breaking down the barriers to entry and to make the other firms encourage the government can make contest in the market, this type of tape can boost the market supply and in this way the consumers can get the service or the goods in the cheaper price, the competitions, productivity and the investment can be increase by this type of actions. In UK there are some regulators such as Ofwat.ORR, Ofcom who are doing the privatising . (4) Economic policy In many responsibilities of government the economic policy is the one of the biggest. As  the Government and the state economic advisers are overlooking the economic conditions of the country, they can propose or invest more money for the public sectors, such as they can invest money for the road constrictions, repairing or making building or the bridge, in these ways they can make more job opportunities for the betterment of the public economy or we can say to make more jobs. On the other hand the government can lower the tax for the increase the buying power of the people. We can give here a good example, THE BANK OF ENGLAND has reduced the interest rate for the people as they can borrow more money and can setup more business, that will be increase the job sector. On the other side we can see that the private sectors are only invest for make the money, they are not involving their money for the economy development of the society, in the other way they are not capable to over come the government’s financial capability. (5) Regulation of water and air pollution In aspect environmental matter, the private companies are acting as â€Å" Environmental Villain†, for their own profit the private enterprise always using the dear natural resources, continuously. They are consuming the natural resource and then eject the smoke, dumping the polluted solid wastes insensibly and also pouring out the nature destroying liquid . This type of private enterprise producers are said to be only concern about the MPB (Marginal Private Benefits) and the MPC (Marginal Private costs) in their decision making. This way the government should be mediate, could be set some type of the agreements with the private companies. For paradigm, the UK government is in a agreement to the Global and the European for the reducing target of the emergence of carbon dioxide by 80% in the time of 2050. In the year 2002 the European government introduced a scheme named ETS (Emission carbon trading), in the aim of limiting the outflow of the carbon from the big industries such as the energy, glass, brick making, steel and others. As this emission carbon trading has the positive effect on the nature, many other countries are introducing this type of the program in there country. (6) Narrowing income inequality If we see the in the pure capitalist economy society, we will see that the rich people are getting more richer and the poor are getting more poor. As less or no intervention in this type of economy after a certain time we will see the pyramid of the income distribution, in this pyramid, a large proportion of the people’s wealth and the GDP is control by the very few of the rich people. The income can be distributed by the involving of the state, first is the introduction of the dynamic tax system, where the rich people have to pay greater amount of the tax, beside this the national minimum wage also have the great effects on the economic development. In UK the minimum wage is increasing every year, on the other hand the unemployment, sickness benefits also help to reduce the distance and the bad effects of the economic deference between the poor and the rich people. More over this type of the government involvement can balance the national economy in the mixed economic states. (7) Provision of public goods dynamic there are two features of the public goods, the 1st one is the non rivalry, it means that the amount of the goods for the other users will not decrease even though whatever the consumption of the public goods. Beside this non-excludability is the another one. If one time this type of facility provided, no one will be slipped from the benefit. The private company will not be interested fro this type of the benefits of the free riders or the publics. For the definition of the free rider we know that he who get the benefits from a area but not doing any contribution to it, actually if we count the end result of having the benefited, no one will pay for the facilities. Here the government has to pay it from the money of the taxpayers’, for the example of this type of the benefits is the public road, bridge, lighting on the streets and also we can mention here national defense. Disadvantages of Mixed Economy Even though there are many economic facilities in the mixed economy policy but besides this we can see some of the economic crisis what England have to face for being mixed economy country. In below there is some discussion about the coming disadvantage What collisions could be happen In the mixed economy we can see the balance between the capitalism and the socialism, the mixed economy tries to help for the advantage of the capitalism and the socialism, this aim can be understood if there is good combination and the understanding but the real situation is, there is continuous encounters going on between the two sectors. This can make the situation more bitter and the noncompliance. Some time the private sectors can think that the public sectors are having more priority than them. It could be happen some time that the public sectors tries to avoid their worthleness and the wastefulness to the private sectors. In a one word the faithfulness and the mutual understanding none can really works perfectly in this situation, Insubstantial The mixed economy is base on the two inimical ideologies, those are absolutely opposite to each other. Though the mixed economy tries to combine the two different ideology together but mixed economy can be find doing less to both of them. For the conflict in terms, the mixed economy has been criticized. For detail, there can’t be the middle way in between the central direction and the atomistic competition. For the mixed economy there will be the mixed of the central direction and the competition but the mixed economy can not works good. If they are incomplete, the competition and the central direction become poor, and than they used the inefficient tools. After this, they used the alternative principles to minimized the problems, and the mixer of the two meaning that none of them will work properly. If the two systems relays on each other the result will be worse. Nature of short live From the above discussions we can see that the mixed economy always runs on the risk of the nature of the short lived. As the time passes by, a violent struggle chases between the two sectors for the name of the supremacy. The state may be fall into fail to regulate the private sector properly when this sector is flourishing. On the other hand if the public sector loses the power, the mixed economy can turn in to a capitalist economy, and it can be a socialist economy if the public sectors become more powerful. The symbol of the weakness Some people says that the mixed economy has a disease as the capitalist, and the â€Å"Socialisation of investment† is one of the attempts to restore it. In this way of view the mixed economy is the diseased phase of the capitalist economy, for this reason it called as â€Å" Capitalism in the oxygen tent. By this sense the mixed economy is the spurious capitalism. Endangers freedom Capitalism. It could be happen that a mixed economy can go into or lead to abridgement of freedom of the individual. It also feared that the control of the economic life and the problems into the planning can lead the mixed economy in such a position where the individual could lose the identity. Inefficiency of the public sector There is a record of the poor performance in the mixed economy. Redtapism, waste, corruption and the inefficiency is the main point ; by those, the mixed economy suffers with. Therefore the public sectors suffer from two reason, To increase production volume or Reducing the cost. Failure for pluck up the economic inconstancy The theory of mixed economy has become popular in many countries, spatially in the capitalist; as this economic policy is believe to be the good solution for pluck up the economic inconstancy, but somehow the economic problem still goes all the way. The economic inconstancy can be cut out only when the central plan can cover the entire economy, but in the mixed economy, the kind of regimentations those are assigned on the private sector leaves much to be intention.