Monday, April 6, 2020
American Art Creation Importance
In modern globalized world, scientific and technology improvements have resulted in diffusion of culture among communities; when a communityââ¬â¢s culture is diluted, chances are that originality of artifacts of its cultural heritage will be distorted (Hillls, 2001). The American art industry has been influenced by European styles; this paper discusses why it is important for artists to shed the European influence and create American art.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on American Art Creation Importance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Discussion Artists communicate to their target population through the products they make; with this in mind, if they are to communicate with the Americans effectively, they need to use artifacts that the Americans can understand. Every society has its unique way of communication through symbols, signs, and arts; when artistsââ¬â¢ works remain original, they make work of art th at creates a sense of belonging with the Americans and the end result is better communication. When an art-piece is made unique, it stands out among other, the value of the artwork is enhanced when its stand out with its unique message. The value may be monetary or the attachment that it is going to get from the people. Americans have some historical events, occurrences, valuables, and artifacts that define their culture; when originality and influence from the European style is maintained, then artists will be seen to add more value to the Americans heritage (Wienand, Booy Robin, 2000). In most cases, artists discuss historical, cultural, social, political, and family issues using the pictures and their works of art. When they are doing this, they are working in line with the cultural belief of the people. In the case of America, there is need to retain and pass positive culture among new generations; work of art is one strategy that can be used, thus it needs to be original and f ree from European style influence. When originality is observed, the texture, color, and theme of the art work will communicate to the people more effectively; an effective communication is likely to create harmony among different generation in the American society (Hillls, 2001). Artists works are used for entertainments, some are kept in national museums as a means of retaining culture and teaching young generation their historical background. For this reason, they need to be original and have the ability to pass the intended information. In the case they have been combined with some European styles, then the message they intend to pass will be distorted. Artwork communicate to the people, artists offer some message to the target population; when originality is maintained, then the information given will be true and of high quality.Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This will facilitate acc eptance of the message communicated. If the European and American context are combined to have a hybrid work of art, there will be disjoin in message communicated. For example, if an artist is drawing some picture for a marketing campaign, emphasis should be on drawing pictures that the Americans can create meaning. In the case the artist has been influenced by European style then the efficiency of the advert will be hampered (Stokes Stokes, 2001). Conclusion Artistic works are means of communication; the American artists need to maintain originality and shed any influence from European works or styles if they want their works to add value to the American society. When they maintain originality, message will be passed effectively and American cultural heritage will be maintained. References Hillls, P. (2001). Modern art in the USA: issues and controversies of the 20th century. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Stokes, S., Stokes, S.(2001). Art and copyright. New York: Hart Publishing. Wi enand, P., Booy, A., Robin, F. (2000). A guide to copyright for museums and galleries. New York: Routledge, 2000. This essay on American Art Creation Importance was written and submitted by user Lukas S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.
Monday, March 9, 2020
the punk experience essays
the punk experience essays In 1994, director Oliver Stone and storywriter Quentin Tarantino created the epitome of the American masterpiece: Natural Born Killers. This incredible movie was made to portray the 1990s as a whole, and to tell the story of a modern day Romeo and Juliet. Today, it is a classic and should be a standard for all movie making, as well as film critiquing. Natural Born Killers is about two people, Mickey (Woody Harrelson) and Mallory (Juliet Lewis) Knox, who meet, fall madly in love, and travel the west while on a three week killing spree until they are apprehended by the police and imprisoned. The movie continues one year later, when Wayne Gayle (a media icon who hosts a TV series documenting serial killers and mass murderers) conducts an interview with Mickey live on network-TV inside the prison. During this interview, Mickey makes a statement setting off the entire inmate population, which then causes a horrifically violent riot. When Mickey realizes he has an opportunity to reunite with his love, he seizes it, and the formerly separated couple resumes their previous habits inside the prison during the riot. This movie vividly portrays the 1990s with its incredibly chaotic setting. The brilliant makers of this film use techniques such as including two different perspectives (visually) in one scene. For example, in the beginning scene, Mickey and Mallory are in a redneck diner. While in the diner, Mallory is dancing by herself to the music on the jukebox, when two men come into the establishment, and each immediately begin to sexually refer to Mallory in a very derogatory manner. This heavily ticks Mallory, so she beats one of the men to a bloody pulp, and Mickey slashes up the other. When Mallory is sitting on top of the man jumping on his back and pounding his head on the floor, there are two perspectives. The first is that of the man, which shows Mallory completely st...
Friday, February 21, 2020
Statistics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2
Statistics - Assignment Example However, application of my learnt skills remains my greatest challenge yet. I shall endeavor to apply this knowledge as it is vital for my Masters degree in Nursing. Studying statistics has improved my outlook regarding various everyday issues. I am now able to analyze and interpret data, design and conduct observational and experimental studies, and to find patterns and draw conclusions. I have learnt to approach problems in an analytical way and to formulate theories and apply them to solve problems. Among my helpful resources were the course notes and class discussions. Furthermore You Tube and Live Binder came in handy for my studies. The book Mathematical Statistics with Applications (Seventh Edition) by Freund has been my great companion throughout the six weeks I was taking this course. My perception of statistics has metamorphosed significantly. I feel like an insider in the field I often considered alien. I see statistics as a way of life- for instance every day we compute averages, estimate missing data, seek to determine trend, and wish to make managerial decisions based on facts. Statistics has trained me organizational skills and instilled in me the ability to work methodically and accurately. If presented with a statistics related problem today, I can organize my work in a way that I can achieve the objective of the undertaking. Behind every successful decision, a statistical inference has to be reached. This underlines the essence of our accurately collecting, analyzing, interpreting and applying the results of the analysis
Wednesday, February 5, 2020
State-Church Issues in the Film Boenhoffer Dissertation
State-Church Issues in the Film Boenhoffer - Dissertation Example The paper "State-Church Issues in the Film Boenhoffer" identifies similar conflicts between the politics of the state and personal religious belief. The paper also discusses if in the film "Boenhoffer" given the odious nature of the Nazi regime the decision by Boenhoffer to resist the state is unlikely to be questioned or criticized.Bonhoeffer's do not resemble the religious and political extremists of the Middle East because his actions were aimed at ending an authoritarian rule as opposed to the Middle East Extremists who fight religion and extend the fight to the Christian related political ideologies. Adolf Hitler is known in history for murdering people, Jews, but the Middle East extremists fight the Christian ideologies that have never claimed lives like the Hitlerââ¬â¢s regime. Therefore, Bonhoeffer's actions are not similar to the Middle East extremists of political insurgency.It is permissible to break the law when a political regime does not respect humanity and uses an authoritarian rule like the Adolf Hitler case. On the other hand, it is permissible to break the rule when the pursuance of religious scruples serves to protect human rights and as such, is directed towards denouncing inhumane acts. However, the danger of such sacrifices may result in severe penalties in the case of Bonhoeffer's prosecution and can comprise an individualââ¬â¢s personal liberty through imprisonment. The Gestapo used the statement to accuse Bonhoeffer of going against his religious belief.
Tuesday, January 28, 2020
Trends in Social Welfare and Crime Control
Trends in Social Welfare and Crime Control Georgiana Raluca Andrei Explain and illustrate the claim that contemporary trends in social welfare and crime control policy are indicative of a punitive turn. In contemporary Western societies the division between crime control and welfare is blurred, with the two coming together to produce a complex and sometimes ambiguous policy mix, within which crime control policy substitutes for welfare but may also incorporate welfarist notions of care and protection. The threat and fear of crime has impacted on public and policy attitudes towards welfare and crime control through a process of innovation in law and policy that blurs the boundaries between traditional crime control and welfare fields. Punitivity is a term which means that systems of punishment have become harsher and that though measures have a large degree of popular support (Cochrane and Talbot, 2008, p. 11). Allan Cochrane and Deborah Talbot (2008) suggest that the security/insecurity nexus illuminates a set of connections between the worlds of social welfare (broadly, the search for security) and crime control (broadly, responses to threats of insecurity). The policy worlds of social welfare and crime control need to be understood in relation to one another. In the contemporary world, demands for security and fears of insecurity are present and visible in personal lives, in political agendas and in policymaking domains. The search for security is likely to be unfinished as efforts to ensure security paradoxically heighten personal and societal senses of insecurity, in turn leading to further searches for more security. The emergence of security as a personal, governmental and policy concern is reflected in the work of social theorists and policy analysts, who have debated how the search for security may be understood as shaping social relations and social policy. There are competing app roaches to achieving security. Some emphasize the need to extend criminal justice and legal systems to address the behaviors of those that threaten ââ¬Ëourââ¬â¢ security; others highlight the need to address broader social divisions, inequalities and problems that undermine the security of societies. Security is a concept with multiple dimensions at individual, group, national and global levels. Itââ¬â¢s sometimes argued that the responsibility for achieving security rests with us as individuals rather than with governments. Collective responses to the search for social and economic security are visible in the work of institutions, such as trade unions, credit unions, charities, businesses and governments. These organisations and institutions work to ensure economic security through work, welfare benefits, or pensions, and health security through medical support and care in times of illness and infirmity. They also work to ensure the air we breathe is free from pollution, the water we drink is clean, and the food we eat is uncontaminated. The loss of any one of these will undermine the security of individuals and potentially of societies. Government seek to defend the nation from perceived threats, such as terrorism, political dissent and foreign aggression, and to secure the resources necessary to support their economies and populationââ¬â¢s water, food and energy. They enter into international agreements with other governments to address threats of global crime. For example money laundering and trafficking of humans, environmental degradation such as problems of global warming, pollution and waning biodiversity; and also to cooperate with other countries on matters of policing and justice. Security has meanings at every level of human existence from the most private needs and relationships to the broadest currents of international relations and global problems. Focusing on different sources of insecurity leads to different ideas about how we can achieve security. Focusing on security may heighten the anxieties and feelings of insecurity whether now or about the future. They may lead us to try to achieve our own security and that of our families in ways that make others less secure. For example, securing the houses with cameras, alarms, and fences, a nd having police officers visible on the streets, may make us feel safer. But it may also make others more fearful of crime. Actions taken by governments in the name of protection from internal and external security threats sometimes come at the cost of personal freedoms and civil liberties of entire populations. Measures used in pursuit of security often fail to deliver it, and may often, paradoxically,increasea sense ofinsecurity. Security is increasingly being sought (by those who can afford it) through private solutions. Examples of such solutions include living in secure residential enclaves or driving sports utility vehicles (SUVs). This recourse to private solutions represents a form of risk management and social retreat. The media is one of the main drivers of insecurity. The news organisations create a false picture of the problem of crime, exaggerating certain categories of offending, such as random and violent attacks by strangers, and ignoring or underplaying other types, such as the crimes of governments and powerful organisations, or domestic crimes within the family. This can result in a distortion of public perceptions about crime, with greatest level of fear attached to crimes which are least likely to affect them. It has been noted that fear of crime often exceeds the actual risk of personal harm (Jewkes, 2008, p. 33). As individuals, people seek to manage risk by creating safe spaces in a variety of ways. At one extreme these strategies include narrowly delimited places of retreat for personal safety, which might incorporate a range of security devices including barred windows, spy glass, intercom systems. Families are a site of both individual and social security; that is, they are seen as being a key social formation that ensures personal security, as well as a ââ¬Ëbuilding blockââ¬â¢ of society and social order. Families have tended to remain at the top of political and policy agendas, with strong families being equated with strong societies. However, families can also be understood as sites of insecurity ââ¬â for individuals, who experience family life as harmful or neglectful, and for societies more broadly. While recent debate has centred on whether family change represents some kind of social decline or descent into social disorder, ââ¬Ëfamily breakdownââ¬â¢, ââ¬Ëproblem familiesââ¬â¢ or ââ¬Ëfailingââ¬â¢ families are not new anxieties. For many decades, families who were thought to be ââ¬Ëfailingââ¬â¢ in some way have been a target of social welfare interventions and, increasingly, of crime prevention strategies. Families mirror the contradictio ns in relation to security ââ¬â they offer a range of securities and act as sites of safety and social welfare, but they also present a range of insecurities, threats and dangers. This means that families are the focus of not only social welfare policy but also crime control policy. Some families are perceived as ââ¬Ëbetterââ¬â¢ and more competent than others, and some families are perceived as problematic, disorderly and threatening, and therefore in need of different kinds of policy intervention, including crime control and social welfare policies. These perceptions can be normative and influenced by assumptions based on class, ethnicity and sexuality. Families are closely connected to child welfare issues. Contemporary anxieties about the nature of childhood, together with conflicting ideas about children ââ¬â as vulnerable and in need of protection and care, and as threats to society and in need of control ââ¬â are reflected in child and family policy intervent ions. These tensions and ambiguities about children inform social policies aimed at providing both welfare support and reducing crime. Antisocial behaviour and hate crime legislation can both be understood as sites in which the criminal justice system has been extended into new areas. In this way, there is an increasing shift to a more punitive approach within criminal justice systems, particularly in the UK and the USA. Anti-social Behaviour Orders (ASBOs), were part of an increasingly large and complex set of New Labour measures for managing and governing populations. Wacquant stated that ââ¬Å"various neo-conservative think tanks in the USA were able to valorise the diminution of the social or welfare stateâ⬠and that punitive measures were spreading from USA through Europe. According to the article, the USA/UK policy is being defined by ââ¬Å"mass imprisonment, curfews, interventions based on risk assessment rather than need, zero tolerance, naming and shamingâ⬠, becoming more punitive and affecting everyday social relations. States all around the world seem to take a puntive turn to young offending. The depth of the punitive turn in USA in the 1990s is undeniable and Wacquantââ¬â¢s thesis is being supported by quantitative data that shows an increase of children detained in ââ¬Å"juvenile secure estateâ⬠in UK and Wales. The American intolerance for those under 18 is getting more popular in the rest of the world. A punitive turn in juvenile justice in a number of countries in Western Europe has been more repressive but not necessarily more efective. It has achieved a political legitimacy to the detriment of traditional principles of juvenile protection and support. The article provides important data that shows the high number of immigrants and minority groups under arrest or in detention and the more punitive elements of juvenile justice. It is difficult to estimate the total amount of the juvenile secure population in various countries at various times due to differences in defining a child, a juvenile. Different countries have different ages of criminal responsability, there is also a difference in definition of offences which make it difficult to compare the countries. Security cannot be fully understood without reference toinsecurity, the idea of security implies the threat of insecurity, so that insecurity and security are intertwined. The ways in which welfare and crime control policies intersect and are entangled help to shape experiences of social inequality. Families can be sites of both security and insecurity. Identifying differences in experiences of security and insecurity is important for understanding, in turn, the different responses of policy and legislation to the (in)securities of family lives. In order to keep under control juvenile and adult crime rates, the system becomes punitive and adopts extreme solutions that will only lead to more drastic consequences. Words: 1652 words References Cochrane, A. and Talbot, D. (2008) ââ¬ËThe search for securityââ¬â¢, in Cochrane, A. and Talbot, D. (eds)Security: Welfare, Crime and Society, Open University; Jewkes, Y. (2008) Insecurity, fear and social retreat, in Cochrane, A. and Talbot, D. (eds)Security: Welfare, Crime and Society, Open University; Muncie, John (2008). The ââ¬Ëpunitiveââ¬â¢ turn in juvenile justice: cultures of control and rights compliance in western Europe and the USA. Youth Justice, 8(2) pp. 107ââ¬â121. Reflection I found it challenging to incorporate in my essay the details from the journal article due to the large amount of information provided. The journal article was written in a different way than the course materials from OU and it needed extra attention. The language used was complex and specialised and required further investigation. I developed the ability to integrate a journal article into my essay. I have used the skills that I have practiced before such as gathering ideas from different sources and create an essay, reading and interpreting different types of evidences such as journal articles or quantitative data. I have used my tutorââ¬â¢s previous feedback and tried to be more confident with using references.
Monday, January 20, 2020
Breaking Metaphoric Shackles in Toni Morrisons Beloved :: Toni Morrison Beloved Essays
Breaking Metaphoric Shackles in Beloved à à à à In Toni Morrison's novels, she uses her main characters to represent herself as an African American artist, and her stories as African American art, and Beloved is no exception. She does this through her underlying symbolic references to the destructiveness of slavery and the connections between the characters themselves. Syntax is also what makes this novel work, using both the powers and limits of language to represent her African American culture with simple words and name choices. à One of her main characters, Baby Suggs, uses her English with some abandon, but only after getting her message across, however simple it may seem. She might choose simplicity over complexity in speech, but her words carry the needed intensity to express herself in the little time she has left on earth (Dahill-Baue, 472-73). Baby Suggs represents the authentic black woman, having been freed from slavery by her son, Halle. "Suspended between the nastiness of life and the meanness of the dead, she couldn't get interested in leaving life or living it" (Morrison, 3). à Slavery has limited Baby Suggs' self-conception by shattering her family and denying her the opportunity to be who she wants to be, which is a good wife and mother. She is seen as wise and spiritual, even in her last days. "You lucky. You got three left. Three pulling at your skirts and just one raising hell from the other side" (Morrison, 5). What makes her so authentic is her ability to have such control over language, dismissing the "binding shackles of social codes" (Dahill-Baue, 473). à Baby Suggs is not the only main character to hint that slavery it/was an experience that could never be known exactly for what it truly was. Morrison, through all of her characters, remains willing to risk losing her main characters to a past that can be neither seen nor controlled. She uses Sethe to symbolize the border between slavery and freedom, and unexpectedly does not allow Sethe to grow in the novel and escape that painful border (Parrish, 84). Through fragmented rememories, we see that Sethe was frequently treated as an animal in her period as a slave. She once walked in on Schoolteacher giving his pupils a lesson on her "animal characteristics.
Saturday, January 11, 2020
Martin Luther King Jr., ââ¬ÅLetter from Birmingham Jailââ¬Â
The pressure of racial segregation was reaching a boiling point in 1963 in Birmingham, Alabama. After being arrested for his part in the Birmingham Campaign, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote an open letter in response to ââ¬Å"A Call for Unityâ⬠, written by eight white clergymen from Birmingham. King's ââ¬Å"Letter from Birmingham Jailâ⬠is a true call for unity, as he clearly states and points out facts that the clergymen have omitted from their letter. King is clearly not looking to stoke the fire of segregation; he was merely looking to solve the situation at hand and trying to peacefully end racial segregation in the United States. A Call for Unityâ⬠, written in early April 1963 (Jonathan, 12-18). Discussion After years of segregation and inequality, one man stood up and fought for what was right. This man spoke of dreams and for what he felt as morally right, ethically right, lawfully right and emotionally right. This man spoke of freedom, brotherhood and equality among all people, no matter what race they were. He brought forth facts and emotions to America that was being felt by the black community, which was being treated so badly. This man was Martin Luther King Jr. a clergyman and civil rights leader, who later was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his work. King opened the eyes of America to a broader sense of understanding, to a wider view of the inequality and hate that almost every black person had to live through at that time. After several peaceful protests King was arrested for demonstrating in defiance of a court order, by participating in a parade, he was then taken to Birmingham jail (Leff & Utley, 8-9). There in the jail, King wrote a letter to 8 fellow clergymen in response to a letter they published in a newspaper. King explained in the letter why he did the things he did, and why that had to be done the way that they were. Kingââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Letter from Birmingham City Jailâ⬠was written on April 16, 1963. Eight Alabama clergyman wrote an open letter that questioned Kingââ¬â¢s methods and suggested that he use the court system as a means for change. Kingââ¬â¢s letter was a reply that was meant to respond to the clergymen and spread his beliefs (KaaVonia, 10-15). In his letter, he responds to some of his criticisms, such as his demonstrations, direct action, and his timing. He, then, explains his motives for acting, and why they were justified. Argument about ââ¬Å"Justice and injusticeâ⬠His attitude in the letter changes, at the beginning he is submissive to the clergyââ¬â¢s criticism; at the end he begins to criticize the clergy. This letter was symbolic of a movement, and all the injustices it faced. King uses rhetoric by manipulating language and appealing to the emotions of the reader. In Martin Luther King Jrââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"A Letter from Birmingham Jailâ⬠addresses eight white clergymen from Birmingham, Alabama, clearly states eight arguments. King uses epigrams as a device to make sure the reader still comprehends his message. In the beginning paragraphs, King states what brought him to Birmingham and why he is justified in being there. In his argument he alludes to Apostle Paul, and provides dull factual operational information about the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Even if the reader does not know who Paul is or care about the SCLC, he can still understand Kingââ¬â¢s message because of the epigrams he uses (Baldwin & Burrow, 111-118). In summing up what brought him here King says, ââ¬Å"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhereâ⬠. In answering why he is justified in being in Birmingham, King says, ââ¬Å"Anyone who lives in the United States can never be considered an outsider anywhere in the countryâ⬠(King, 122-128). Now the reader knows through the use of epigrams that King was brought there because there is injustice in Birmingham and that he has a right to be in Birmingham because he is an American and Birmingham is an American City. Blacks are going through a really tough time during this Negro revolution in 1963 and Dr. King accentuates the point by the use of strong diction, which set the tone of the letter. For example, Dr. King elucidates the reason his people can't wait for their rights and that's because ââ¬Å"hate-filled policemen curse, kick, brutalize, and even killâ⬠his ââ¬Å"black brothers and sistersâ⬠and that basically most white people torment them any chance they get. In the letter written by the clergyman they say (like it was something new), that they were now facing demonstrations led by outsiders (King). Religious appeals in Kingââ¬â¢s latter King wants them to know that he is not really an outsider but the president of The Southern Christian Leadership Conference with an affiliation in Birmingham. He wants to point out that he not only has organizational ties but also was invited to participate in the direct action program in Birmingham in support of desegregation. In the course of the letter, King uses philosophical, religious and historical examples to get his points across. In order to gain control of the reader Martin Luther King Jr. includes vivid images of cruel acts that African Americans in Birmingham endured. Concerning this unsettling time in society King could have described many of the immoral and unjust acts that he encountered on a daily basis. Instead he portrayed these situations by asking rhetorical questions about women, children and loved ones bringing the hardships Negroes faced into the lives of men of all cultures. It does not matter if you are black, if you are white, if you are Asian, if you are Hispanic, or if you are a mixture of any race, through King's words you could imagine yourself in any of the situations he describes. With the ability to touch the reader on not only a personal level, but also an intimate one Martin Luther King Jr. began to bridge the gap between the races (Jessica, 222-225). King consistently brought up the point of morality. Pointing out that certain things are moral and other things aren't. For example King talked about having two different drinking fountains or having blacks sit at the back of the bus, saying that it just wasn't morally right. And that morally right would be to have unity and brotherhood among all people. King tries to show the difference between just and unjust laws, it is because of these two terms that we can ââ¬Å"advocate breaking some laws, and obeying othersâ⬠(King, 122-128). Segregation in his eyes is and unjust law because it ââ¬Å"disturbs the soul and damages the personalityâ⬠(King, 122-128). These are both qualifications of an unjust law. Society today is filled with unjust laws. In many schools females are still prohibited from joining a football team, because the school believes they do not have what it takes. By not allowing this person to join the team they are taking away a part of her personality, a piece of who she is and denying her to express it. King also discusses another perspective of just and unjust laws. He explains that an unjust law is made up by a majority of people whom force a minority to follow this law; however the law is not ââ¬Å"bindingâ⬠on themselves. A just law is one that a majority makes and is also willing to follow themselves. Thus showing that is the only fair law is one that affects all citizens in an equally just way. King states how the Apostle Paul carried the gospel of Jesus Christ over the land, and thus compares himself to him. One way King addresses the eight clergymen and justifies his presence in Birmingham is by comparing himself to the Apostle Paul. He is trying to take the gospel of freedom over the land of America. This idea relates to peoples emotion because most people are religious and believe in God and Jesus Christ. By Comparing himself to the Apostle Paul strikes deep emotion in most people, and almost saying that he is trying to do the work of God by trying to achieve true freedom, this analogy is a great example of pathos and King's use of these appeals to the emotion through examples and figurative language (Carson, Holloran, Luker, Russell & King, 10-15). King uses pathos not just from the Bible but also by evolving ideas from World War II: ââ¬Å"We should never forget that everything Adolf Hitler did in Germany was ââ¬Å"legalâ⬠and everything the Hungarian freedom fighters did in Hungary was ââ¬Å"illegalâ⬠. It was ââ¬Å"illegalâ⬠to aid and comfort a Jew in Hitler's Germany. Even so, I am sure that, had I lived in Germany at the time, I would have aided and comforted my Jewish brothers. If today I lived in a Communist country where certain principles dear to the Christian faith are suppressed, I would openly advocate disobeying that country's antireligious lawsâ⬠(King, 122-128). Here King refers to all the horrible laws that Hitler created in Germany before World War II. He cites how, ââ¬Å"It was illegalâ⬠to aid and comfort a Jew in Hitler's Germany. He is using this example to compare Germany's laws against Jews to ââ¬Å"separate but equalâ⬠law of the time against black people (Jessica, 222-225). Creating ethos is a way for a writer to gain the trust of the reader. It can be used to show the effectiveness of one's writing the writer's credibility. King illustrates this quality of ethos when he explains his professional titles: ââ¬Å"I have the honor of serving as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization operating in every southern state, with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. We have some eighty-five affiliated organizations across the South, and one of them is the Alabama Christian movement for Human Rights. Frequently we share staff, educational, and financial resources with our affiliatesâ⬠(King, 122-128). Here King shows his credibility by citing what his organization, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, which is in every southern state, does (Baldwin & Burrow, 111-118). Furthermore, Martin Luther King explains to the clergymen in the letter that they have been misinformed on the situation and that not all is alright. King quotes the clergymenââ¬â¢s original letter which commended the Birmingham police for their great efforts in keeping order and preventing violence, King is quick to correct them that they would have not commended the police force if they viewed the gruesome violence which occurred that day firsthand. King concludes the paragraph with. ââ¬Å"I cannot join you in your praise of the Birmingham police departmentâ⬠(King, 122-128). This statement comes off as a very bold statement to the clergymen after reading the details of the violence previously. Paragraph fourteen of Kingââ¬â¢s latter In paragraph fourteen he uses emotional reference when he says ââ¬Å"when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whimâ⬠(King, 122-128), he doesn't call them Negro, so that the audience could relate to them. He wants them to know how a black man feels always feeling like nobody and being afraid. In the next nine paragraphs he describes in detail the difference between a just law and an unjust law. This time he uses religious leaders such as St Augustine, St Thomas Aquinas, Martin Buber and Paul Tillich as examples to get his idea across. He says that ââ¬Å"a just law is a man made code that squares with the moral law or the law of Godâ⬠(King, 122-128). In paragraph 23, he begins to criticize the white moderates ââ¬Å"People who say they agree with segregation but do not want the Negro people to demonstrate because they don t want their lives disruptedâ⬠(King, 122-128). King says that these people are worst than the Ku Klux Klan and other people of ill will, because of their shallow understanding (King & King, 45-48). Lastly, King provides a very good insight for the uninformed in his letter from jail. King states that he wished that the clergymen had actually realized who the real heroes were that day. King had received a letter from a white man from Texas saying that he will reach his equal rights eventually but that maybe he is in too much of a religious hurry. King states that time are not the cure to all maladies, and that his people must use their time more effectively than the people of ill will. King seems to have a perfect response to all arguments thrown at him, but none appear to be flawed of course. There was no other way for the black community to get their point across because they were not being listened. There is no point in this letter where King incites violence, if anything he completely against it and will stop at nothing to ensure that there is no more violence (Leff & Utley, 8-9). Letter from Birmingham Jailâ⬠is one of the most touching pieces of writing. All of Kings Arguments are effective, particularly in paragraph fourteen. This letter at times can be hard to read because King gives real life examples of what it is actually like to be black and living in the 60s south. This letter sparks a realization, which people have never recognized before reading this, this latter showing the terrible and disgraceful treatment of the black community. Conclusion ââ¬Å"A Letter from Birmingham Jailâ⬠was an opportunity for Martin Luther King Jr. o express to the public his views and the views of other African Americans throughout the South. The effects of King's experiences depicted by his use of language resulted in radical changes for African Americans throughout the nation. It was a bigger victory to sway the Alabama clergymen than to change the mind of a stubborn group of white males, because it proved that the typical southern white male is equal in every way shape and form to that of an African American. Martin Luther King Jr. Once said, ââ¬Å"I have a dreamâ⬠and dream he did.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)